What is the principle, purpose of the gram stain and the applications of the acid-fast, spore, and negative stains? Explain!

While considering cell signaling, what are two factors that can influence the speed of cell signaling within a cell?

Microbes can be classified according to the range of temperature in which they can grow.

Describe the different categories of microbes with temperature requirements for growth.

Give examples of microorganisms in each category of temperature tolerance

Before reading these articles, state your current knowledge and opinion about the importance of pollinators to plants and other organisms such as humans. Then read about from the websites of Colony collapse of bees and colony collapse disorder. Then answer the following questions:

Define colony collapse disorder. and why we should be concerned. If you do not think this is a concern state your evidence for this opinion as well.

Are you surprised by the economic impact of colony collapse disorder?

If pollinators are eliminated in an ecosystem how will this affect the genetic diversity of the population?

What should or could be done to limit the effect of or help eliminate this problem?

Predict how BOTH the ability to generate an action potential AND the shape of the action potential might change under the following conditions. Explain your answers.

-Decrease in extracellular K⁺ concentration

-Increase in number of Na⁺ leak channels

-Blocking of Na⁺/K⁺ATPase with ouabain

-Decrease in extracellular Na+ concentration

SAQ 4: Tissues

1          Explain the relationship between cells and tissues.

2          What is the definition of a meristem? Do any animals have Meristems?

3          What is the difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

4          Complete the following chart using your knowledge of complex tissues.

5          Name the 3 primary meristems that develop from apical meristems and the structures that they will eventually produce.

6          Name the 2 Lateral meristems and the structures that they will eventually produce.

how to find genotype from an electro gram with base pairs

Pick a protein of interest.->insulin

Use the Blast tool to find protein homologs of your protein and submit blast search.

Use the multalign tool to align five of the homologs and submit alignment.

Identify conserved amino acids and regions of homology.

Find a PDB for your protein or one of the homologs. If your protein has not been examined structurally. (Start Again)

Use Jmol to evaluate your proteins 3D structure and answer the following questions.

How many subunits in your protein?

Does your protein have any cofactors or coenzymes?

How many amino acids residues in one of the subunits of your protein?

How many amino acids interact at the interface of the subunits of your protein?

Does your protein have an active site or ligand binding domain and what are the key amino in that region.  

At four UK hospitals, patients with severe asthma were screened for fungal sensitization by skin prick testing. those 3,610 who were positive by skin prick were randomized to one of two treatment regimens: 1,805 were assigned to take an antifungal agent in tablet form while 1,805 were assigned to take a similar looking placebo tablet. The primary end point was the development of a particular type of lung infection by 32 weeks. By the end of the study, 1,492 of those who had taken the antifungal agent had not developed the lung infection, whereas 1,064 of those who had taken the placebo had not developed the lung infection. There was no loss to follow-up and no censoring except for administrative censoring.

a) What is the study design?

b) Generate a contingency table:

c) Calculate the 32-week cumulative incidence for those exposed and unexposed to the antifungal agent, respectively. (CI= #new cases of disease during a given time period/total population at risk)

d) Calculate and interpret the risk ratio between exposed group and unexposed group. (RR= CI exposed/ CI unexposed)

Cholera toxin inhibits the Na+/K+ATPase activity of intestinal epithelial cells. Resulting with decreased uptake of glucose. Describe why inhibiting the Na/K+ ATPase pump affects glucose uptake in the intestine.

Wolves in the northern Rockies were protected as a threatened species until very recently. The last few years they were legally hunted in MT and ID. a. Why are people hunting wolves? b. Try to come up with one possible benefit of wolf hunting and one possible negative consequence. c. Do you agree or disagree with wolf hunting? Explain your reasoning.

7. For angiosperms, describe the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte in terms of nutritional dependence and size.

a. Is the gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte at any time during the life cycle? If so, explain how.

b. Is the sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte at any time during the life cycle? Explain your answer.

c. Compare the relationship between the gametophyte and sporophyte in seedless plants and angiosperms. How does the relationship differ?

d. Can you think of any advantages to the relataionship in angiosperms?

while viewing a slide with the $X objective lens, you notice an interesting specimen and would like to zoom in on it. You switch to the 40X objective lens. However, your specimen is no longer seen in the field of view even after adjusting focus. What happened. How could you prevent this?