1.) What are the problems with using embryonic stem cells in research? How might induced pluripotent stem cells help in research versus using embryonic stem cells?

2.) Describe the process of therapeutic cloning. What are the problems with using therapeutic cloning?

3.)What are the ethical issues involved with stem cell research? Describe the pros and cons of embryonic stem cell research.

is it surprising that there is COX6-BIO present in a mutant strain of Yeast compared to its wild type? why or why not

Why do we use Saccharomyces Cerevisiae instead of Escherichia coli in a lab study conducted to determine COX activity (cytochrome oxidase), what is the advantage in doing so?

Now that you have worked through the rabbit Island case, you are ready to think of your own experiment to find out what microbe is causing a disease out break that could occur today. What data would you want to include? How would you control your variables?

3’ - TAC AAA GAG GAT CCG ACC TCA ACT - 5”

3. The DNA template for transcription is only one strand of the DNA double helix. How do we know that the mRNA is not based on the sequence of the other DNA strand?

4. What is the anticodon sequence of the tRNA that binds to the fourth codon of this mRNA?

5. Translate the mRNA sequence into the amino acid sequence (use the genetic code table from the lecture slides).

6. How many amino acids does this protein have?

7. Can we tell if this protein was synthesized in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell?

Can healthy choices be legislated? Public health officials and some politicians would like to influence health behaviors by banning or taxing unhealthy foods or ingredients. Do you feel that this would improve the health status of all Americans? Is this the right approach to improving the health of our society? Why, or why not? Please list specific cases/evidence to back your opinion.

How are gaining organelles and intercompartmental DNA transfer involved in eukaryogenesis?

Question1:

Briefly answer the following questions:

a- Why do COPII coated vesicles get only formed at the ER membrane?

b- Why does the COPII coat disassemble upon vesicle detachment from the ER?

c- In the case where cells are treated with a non-hydrolysable GTP, which of these events will be observed. Highlight the event(s) you expect to observe and explain in a sentence each of your choices.

• Sar1 depletion from the cytosol
• No bud formation at the ER
• Formation of buds and COPII vesicles at the ER
• Empty COPII vesicles (with no cargo) will be formed
• Normal COPII coat dissociation after vesicle formation
• COPII abnormal fusion with plasma membrane
• Inability of COPII coated vesicles to fuse

Question2:

a- Briefly, explain how integral cargo proteins are sorted and concentrated in ER vesicles going to the Golgi?

b- Consider a wild type and mutant insulin receptors (IR) (with deleted cytoplasmic domain):

-  What is the effect of the mutation on the ability of IR to enter forming buds in the ER?

-  What is the effect of the mutation on the IR concentration in vesicles leaving the ER compare to WT?

-  What is the effect of the mutation on the Insulin concentration in vesicles leaving the ER compare to WT?

Question3:

Consider the following C-terminal sequences of some ER proteins:

Bip:                             N-…AGPPPTGEEDTAEKDEL-C

KDEL receptor:          N-…YLYITKVLKGKKLSLPA-C

a- Highlight with yellow color the sorting signal in each protein.

b- Which type of coated vesicle will specifically recruit and enrich Bip in them?

b- Explain how Bip sorting signal allows its selection and enrichment in vesicles?

What process is involved in pruning weak synaptic connections in networks? The pruning of networks results in a core network in which the nodes have highly and mutual interconnections. I would propose that the pruning process should be the teacher? Right? Is pruning similar to back-propagation? I believe both are relying on trial and error.

Is the role of the teacher only limited to return pathways in the brain?

GMO labeling

A genetically modified food is a food product developed from a different genetically modified organism (GMO) such as a crop plant, animal or microorganisms. The general principle of producing a GMO is to add novel genetic material into an organism's genome resulting in both new and useful traits. Some governments (like the entire EU, China and Japan) have emphasized risks over benefits from GM foods and require mandatory labeling and traceability, while others, such as the U.S., have no such requirements. Some want to know whether what they are eating are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or not, they may be worried about their own health or the environment’s. Some argue that GMO labeling isn’t an effective way to change the food system, or even that it could cause unnecessary panic.

Contribute to the discussion with your thoughts about the GMO labeling.

What advice would you give to someone that wants to lose weight by reducing their caloric intake, but isn’t sure where to start?  How did your results from the "Build Your Proficiency” Diagnostic reflect an understanding, or lack of understanding, about this content? How has your understanding changed this week?

For Problems
1(filling in the table) and 2, let's use the following numbers: With the total
number of people being 34, 10 have a straight hairline and 24 have a widow's
peak. Those are the numbers to put in the No. columns for the class population.
From there, you will need to calculate the percentage for each value. Then,
calculate q. Then calculate p.

1. Determine allelic frequencies and phenotypic proportions of widow’s peak and straight hairline.

                                            Phenotypes                                                 Allele Frequency

2. What is the percentage of heterozygous widow’s peak (2pq) in the class?

(SHOW YOUR WORK)

3. What percentage of the North American population is heterozygous for widow’s peak? (SHOW YOUR WORK)

4. The allele for free earlobes is dominant over the allele for attached earlobes. In a population of 1,000 individuals, 510 show the dominant phenotype. How many individuals would you expect of each of the possible three genotypes for this trait? (SHOW YOUR WORK)