The Hardy-Weinberg equation was designed to show the conditions that must be met in order for no change to be seen in a population.

Describe the 5 criteria that need to be in place in order to meet the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrum.

How are these criteria not met in nature?

If all 5 criteria are met does evolution occur?

´does the presence of coliform bacteria mean that the water is unsafe, or at least a definite pathological risk?

MULTIPLE CHOICE: provide an explanation too please Lipids that are liquid at room temperature likely: (a) have only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms (b) have a mix of single and double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms (c) are less hydrophobic than ring-lipids like cholesterol (d) are modified with sugars (e) have multiple carboxyl groups

What is a negative effect of widespread use of antimicrobial soaps? What are the most effective ways of eliminating harmful contaminating agents, especially when dealing with contaminants such as HIV, anthrax, and prions?

I got a 3/5 on a quiz about the membrane or membranes and transport, but they never told me which one's i had wrong and why? Help me out please? these were the questions and my answers and my knowledge on why i answered the way i did.

What molecule gets attached to the sodium-potassium pump that leads to a conformational change?

a. GTP

b. Phospholipid

c. ATP - I said ATP because I know that the pump requires ATP to do active transport.

D. Integrin

Which of these types of cellular transport requires energy to function?

A.) Bulk Transportation (I said Bulk Trans. because I know it is a type of Active transportation and Active transportation requires energy.)

B.) Diffusion

C.) Facilitated Diffusion

D.) Osmosis

If the animal cell is placed in a solution of 25% sugar, what happens to this cell?

A.) The cell will lose sugar to the surrounding solution

B.) The cell will lose water and shrivel up (I said B, because it's not telling me how much concentration the cell has so im assuming there's less water outside due to 25% sugar so it would move out of the cell and the cell will shrivel up to reach equilibrium.

C.) The cell will not gain or lose any water because it's already at equilibrium

D.) The cell will gain water and burst

How many sodium and potassium are pumped in/out of the cell and in what direction?

A.) 2 potassium out: 2 sodium in

B.) 2 sodium out: 2 potassium in

C.) 2 potassium out: 3 sodium in ( I was watching a video about the pump and im 65% positive it was 2K+ (potassium) going out of the cell, and 3Na+ (sodium) going inside the cell)

D.) 3 sodium out: 2 potassium in

What type of solution, typically, is best for a plant cell to survive and thrive in?

A.) hypertonic

B.) isotonic ( I said isotonic because cells want to reach equilibrium so im assuming thats how they thrive)

C.) hypotonic

Are phospholipids still in the cell membrane?

What keeps cells moving in cold weather?

How does cholesterol control the movement of the cell membrane in cold and warmth?

What kind of proteins are in the cell membrane?

What can go through cell membranes?

what does cholesterol do in the cell membrane?

What does saturation do to the phospholipids

In a botany standpoint please answer this: Parenchyma is one of the most common tissue types. Describe common human use(s) for parenchyma. Which properties of parenchyma make it suitable for human use?

Please show work, thank you!

To prepare DNA template with the concentration of 10 ng/μl:

Zach should add ____ μl of the original soil DNA (conc.: 250 ng/μl) and ______ μl of water into a tube to have final volume of 100 μl of the soil DNA that has the concentration of 10 ng/μl.

Discuss the history and modern use of one domesticated crop not commonly used in Western agricultural tradition! Do not include an achene, a nut, Caryopsis, Samara, Schizocarp, celery, carrots, corn, or onion.

Plant physiology question:

What features do the structural polysaccharides and energy-storage polysaccharides of plants have in common? How are they different?

Read: "Female mate choice sopying affects sexual selection in wild populations of the ocellated wrasse"

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347208000225

Answer 1-2 sentences in each question.

1. Title (Conveys an important message and grabs the reader's attention)

2. Take home message (Conveys the important take ome message in enough detail to grab the reader's attention with the ecological content.)

​3. Context ​(Provides enough context to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of why the message is important and relevant to some larger idea.)

4. Supporting information (There is enough detail for the reader to understand what the scientists did and what the found.)

Know how Gibb’s free energy and entropy provide energy to cells.

4. One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as the influenza virus. Explain how innate immunity (non-specific defense) and adaptive immunity each respond differently to exposure to influenza virus?

1. In mice, one of the gene determining coat color is the A gene, which has multple alleles. two of these are an Allele for black hair (a) and allele for yellow hair (A^y₎ . (A^y) is completely dominant to a; however, for reasons that are unclear ( at least to me), A^YA^Y mice always die before embroyic development is completed.

a) two mice with yellow hair mate with each other. what are the genotype of the mice?

b) for this cross, give the expected genotype (s) and phenotype (s) for pups that survive embroyic development. A punnet square may help you to solve this part of the probelm.

2. The lubber grasshopper is very large, and as nymph is black with red and yellow stripes, Assume that individuals with the genotype RR have red stripes; that individuals with phenotype rr have yellow stripes; and that individuals with genotype Rr have both red and yellow stripes.

a) if you cross two grasshoppers that, as nymphs, had both red and yellow stripes, then give the expected genotype (s) and phenotype (s) for the offspring. A punnet square may help you to solve this part of the problem.

b) If you cross a grasshopper with both red and yellow stripes with one that has just red stripes, then give the expected genotype (s) and phenotype (s) for the offspring. Again, a punnet square may help you to solve this part of the problem.

3. The common grackle is a blackbird that is common over most of thge eastern and central united states. Suppose that, in grackles, the alleles for long tail (L) is cpmpletly dominant to the alleles for short tail (l). A female with a short tail mates with a long-tailed male, and that mating produces a brood of four chicks- of which just one chick survives, and that a short tail.

a) what is the genotype of the female parent?

b)what is the genotype of the male parent?

c) what is the genotype of the one survival chick?

d) imagine that, instead of just one chick surviving, all four survived. give the expected genotype (s) and phenotype (s) for the chicks. Apunnet square may help you to solve this part of the problem.

4. in human, tongue rolling is controlled by a single gene (the R gene); for that gene, the rolling alleles (R) is completely dominant and the non-rolling (r) is reccessive. Also in human, curly hair is controlled by a single gene (the H gene); for the gene, the curly-hair allele (H) is completely dominant and the straight-hair allele (h) is recessive.

a) there is a curly-haired non-tongue rolling man, and of the man's parents has straight hair. what is man's genotype?

b) there is a straight-haired tongue-rolling woman,and one of the woma's parents is a non-roller. what is the woman's genotype?

c) the man from part a marries the woman from part b. give the expected genotypoe (s) and phenotype (s) of their children. Be sure to use a punnet square to solve this part of the problem.

5) In the breeding season, male anole lizards court females by bobbing their heads up and down while displaying a colorful throat patch. suppose that the allele for fast head-bobbing (F) is completely dominant to the allele for slow bobbing (f), and that the allele for red throat patch (R) is completely dominant to the allele for a yellow throat patch (r). further, suppose that a female homozygous recessive for both traits mates with a male homozygous dominant for both traits.

a) for the offspring of this pairs- the F₁ generation give the expected genotype (s) and phenotype (s).

b) imagine that one of the F₁ individuals mates with an unrelated individual of identical phenotype. if this happens, then the offspring of this mating would be expected to have what genotype (s) and phenotype (s)? be sure to use a punnet square to slove this part of the problem.

Why do bacteria regulate virulence gene expression?

At the end of the TCA cycle most of the energy ordinally present in glucose is now found in?