4. One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as...

4. One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as the influenza virus. Explain how innate immunity (non-specific defense) and adaptive immunity each respond differently to exposure to influenza virus?

Expert Solution

Innate immunity make use pattern recognition receptors for recognising and responding to the influenza virus.The viral RNA present in the infected cells are recognised pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which leads to the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids and chemokines. IFN stimulate the expression of IFN stimulated genes in neighboring cells and induce an antiviral state in those state.Pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids signals the adaptive immune system by inducing fever and anorexia to response to the virus. chemokines produced at the site infection recruits, NK cells,neutrophils and monocytes .

Adaptive immunity involves T cell mediated response in which,upon infection T cell responses are induced including T helper cells (CD4+)and T cytotoxic(CD8+) .They have differnent cross reactivity to variety of Influenza A viruses subtypes. tcell mediated immunity provide,heterosubtypic immunity and protection against antigenically distinct, potential influenza viruses.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as the...

One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as the influenza virus. Explain how innate immunity (non-specific defense) and adaptive immunity each respond differently to exposure to influenza virus?

Can immune system evolve to protect us from helminthes and protozoan parasites? Can the generation of...

Can immune system evolve to protect us from helminthes and protozoan parasites? Can the generation of antigen specific T and B cells response to plant, human, dog, insect or bacteria?

Describe some of the innate barriers and chemicals that exist that protect us from pathogens.

1. Discuss how gastrointestinal pathogens bypass the immune system within the GI- 2. What are enterotoxins...

1. Discuss how gastrointestinal pathogens bypass the immune system within the GI- 2. What are enterotoxins and how do these differ from other bacterial toxins that we have discussed previously?

The immune system has two overlapping branches used to destroy pathogens. Describe briefly how these two...

The immune system has two overlapping branches used to destroy pathogens. Describe briefly how these two branches respond differently upon detection of a pathogen. Describe how mature, functional T cells recognize antigens. In the T cell tolerance process, is a thymocyte that recognize self antigens able to successively differentiate and leave the thymus as a mature, functional T cell? Explain the importance of having T cells go through this maturation process.

Immunity’s Early-Warning System. Scientific American, January 2005. How does the innate immune system recognize pathogens? After...

Immunity’s Early-Warning System. Scientific American, January 2005. How does the innate immune system recognize pathogens? After recognizing pathogens, what is the response of the innate immune system? (ie. What action does it take?) How does the innate immune response promote and adaptive immune response? How can an immune response contribute to disease? How can exposure to LPS lead to septic shock? What is a situation in which one would be exposed to LPS? In what organism were Toll proteins first...

list five mechanisms of Antibody to protect us from pathogens and explain how each mechanism work

The human microbiome a. can protect the host organism from pathogens. b. can provide metabolic pathways...

The human microbiome a. can protect the host organism from pathogens. b. can provide metabolic pathways beyond those encoded in the host genome. c. can be altered by treatment with probiotics. d. has been linked to diabetes. e. Alloftheabovearetrue.

The Bill of Rights was drafted to protect individuals from their own government, not from criminals....

The Bill of Rights was drafted to protect individuals from their own government, not from criminals. Because of this, the defendant in a criminal case has rights that are constitutionally protected. The victims of the crime do not have as many rights in the criminal trial as does the defendant. Should our legal system pay more attention to the victims of crime? How should the victim's rights be protected in a criminal trial?

Diagram and briefly describe cells of the immune system and their basic functions. Start with hematopoietic...

Diagram and briefly describe cells of the immune system and their basic functions. Start with hematopoietic stem cells, and proceed through each class and type of the immune system cells.

Question