Summarize how mammals regulate the storage and transport of iron.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen (meaning it takes advantage of a disruption in the host’s immune system) that causes severe respiratory infections. A disturbing finding suggests that this pathogen expresses a siderophore-mediated iron acquisition system and these genes may be part of a mobile genetic element. Why is this observation of concern?

The Developing World and the Developed World

i) In what ways is human population ecology similar to and different from that of other organisms? Why is it difficult to determine a carrying capacity for humans?”

ii) How has the global human population changed from pre-historic times to 1800? From 1800 to the present? What is projected over the next 50 years?

iii) How does the World Bank classify countries in terms of economic categories?

iv) What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing countries? In urban areas?

v) Define crude birthrate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR). Describe how these rates are used to calculate the percent rate of growth and the doubling time of a population.

vi) How do the current positions of the developed and developing nations differ in demographic transition?

8. A gene for sweat gland production is found on the X chromosome. If a man who lacks sweat glands marries a woman who has normal sweat glands, what will be the phenotype of their children?

A. All of the boys will lack sweat glands.

B. All of the girls will lack sweat glands.

C. The girls will have sweat glands in some areas, but lack sweat glands in others.

D. All of the boys will have sweat glands.

E. All the boys will have sweat glands, and the girls will have sweat glands in some areas but not others.

The answer is E but I'd like to know why.

How does temperature and pH affect the ability of an enzyme to bind substrate? and what specific changes occur to the structure of an enzyme when it is boiled?

Describe the function of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

You are studying development in a new species offruit fly, Drosophila mitensis, and you find a fly that has curly wings as seen here:

                                                                                                         Curly Wings                   Normal Wings

The Curly wings phenotype is due to a mutation at a single locus. Assume that you have flies that are true- breeding for the curly wing phenotype (cur^-cur^-) and flies that are true-breeding for normal wings (cur⁺cur⁺).

·Propose a genetic cross to determine whether the mutant phenotype is dominant or recessive, and list the genotype(s) of the F1 offspring you would obtain from this cross. Use cur^- for the allele associated with curly wings and cur⁺ for the allele associated with normal wings.

·What phenotype(s) would you expect to see in the F1 generation if the mutant phenotype is dominant? In what proportion would you see these phenotypes?

·What phenotype(s) would you expect to see in the F1 generation if the mutant phenotype is recessive? In what proportion would you see these phenotypes?

You perform the experiment and find that the curly wing phenotype is recessive. A friend of yours has been studying a mutation that causes short antenna. The short antenna phenotype is recessive to the wild-type long antenna phenotype. You designate that mutant allele (ant^-) and the wild-type allele (ant⁺)

You set up the following crosses:

Curly wings, long antenna                                 Normal wings, short antenna

Cross 1:          cur^-cur^-ant⁺ant⁺Xcur⁺cur⁺ant^-ant^-

↓

F1:                              Normal wings,Long antenna

↓

Cross 2:       Normal wings, long antenna        X                     Curly wings, short antenna

                        (F1 from cross 1)

What type of cross is cross 2?

If the two genes are unlinked…

What phenotypic classes do you expect to see from cross 2 and in what ratios?

You perform cross 2, examine 1000 progeny and see that the genes are linked. In the table below, give the genotypes and phenotypes for the parental and recombinant progeny.

Please note that you must use the following nomenclature. Use cur^- and cur⁺ for the alleles of the wing gene. Use ant^- and ant⁺ for the alleles of the antennae gene.

What is the recombination frequency between the wing and the antennae genes?

( please do not answer in handwriting, the answer should be in print type)

a. Discuss one process or system in the construction field, where the industrial ecology mimics biological ecology.

If a cell is dormant and not actively growing dividing, will penicillin have any effect? Is this something to consider when taking antibiotics? Why?

Module 7 Worksheet (Muscles)

BIO 326

1. What are the three main muscle types and describe their characteristics (striated or not, duration of muscle twitch, purpose).

b. Describe how skeletal muscle contracts. What ion is important and what happens when it increases in abundance inside the cell? How does the muscle relax again?

c. Why do t-tubules need to be closely associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

d. Describe how the pacemaker (auto rhythmic) cells generate a repetitive series of action potentials.

e. Why is cardiac muscle not prone to tetanus

Defend why synapomorphy constitutes te best evidence for monophyly and why monophyletic groups are the only groups that should be represented in a classification system. Use an example of a well known group name that has been rendered non-monophyletic via phylogenetic classification methods.

what type of mutation causes cancer? and how does it cause cancer?

What proteins might be most likely to co-purify with Con A during affinity chromatography on Sephadex?

Why is a V vs S plot often inadequate for determining enzyme kinetic constants, and how do various alternate plotting methods allow these values to be determined more adequately? Give examples of alternate methods of kinetic analysis and their utility.

The V vs S plot is inadequate because it makes the assumption that it’s only for a single subunit and substrate. The line on the graph usually represents a line that best fits the data and are not completely accurate. This only measures free enzymes or unstable enzyme substrate complex. An alternate method

Read the article (link is below) and answer the questions that follow in a paper format. (Paper has to be 1-page, 11-inch font- single-spaced). I already did #1, please I need help with 2 & 3. The article is super confusing. COPY THE BELOW LINK AND PASTE IN YOUR BROWSER

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50596700_A_long_noncoding_RNA_maintains_active_chromatin_to_coordinate_homeotic_gene_expression

Primary Paper HW assignment guidelines

Your primary paper consists of three parts:

1. In your own words, state the essential take home message of the paper assigned.

-Here you should briefly mention what was known about this topic before this paper was published

-Then state what the aim/goal/purpose of this published study was. In other words, what did the authors set out to do?

-Also describe why this research is important (if you think it is important)/ what are the researchers hoping to contribute to the existing knowledge.

2. State how the authors demonstrated the essential point of the paper: what experiments and what methods they used to prove the point

-In this section you should link how a particular approach/method was used to obtain a particular result and why it would be important/relevant. For example:

-Authors used method A to get/show result B. Result B is important because (it supports their original hypothesis in the following way/describe how/ or it provides novel findings regarding mechanism X

-Continue the bulleted list to correlate specific method with specific result and how it supports the claims made in the paper.

3. Discuss the strengths and significance of the paper and also the weaknesses and indicate additional lines of investigation that you think would be worth pursuing that were opened up by the paper.

-Here I want you to critique the experimental approach and author’s conclusions, not their writing style or format of the paper. Also, keep in mind that these are primary research articles published in scientific journals, so they are intended for a scientific, not general audience. Hence the language could be a bit dense.

-I want you to be very specific here. Do not write general and vague statements. Instead, refer to specific data in the paper (in figure X, or table Y) and indicate any possible flaws or limitations of the experiment.

-Propose possible future directions or follow up studies. You can look up papers that cited this research or follow up on the last author’s subsequent research.

-Explain if this paper contributed anything new to the field and if it enabled better understanding of the subject