Explain how the Mississippi River drainage into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana leads to a large dead zone.

What evidence suggests that the biochemistry of life elsewhere would resemble that on Earth?

Household septic systems include a tank that collects sludge and a porous leaching field that receives clarified effluent. How is this similar to or different from municipal wastewater treatment plants?

Why is the cloning reaction, transformation reaction, and pouring plates important for sequencing a plasmid? This is a lab-related question. We did cloning, transformation, and poured plates in lab, but why is this important for sequencing a plasmid? Please help me!!!

A. Write three ways that you can use the factor that was used to dilute a sample

B. One of your fellow classmates got sick after drinking coca cola (with ice) from a soda fountain at a local fast food restaurant. He claims that toilet water is cleaner than the ice cubes that are dispensed from the machine at the restaurant.

1.What organisms do you think causes contamination of ice dispensers? ...toilet water?

2. How could you test the water and conclude with water is “cleaner”? Show your work by creating an appropriate dilution schemes. So one scheme for the ice water and one scheme for the toilet water.

Summarize how mammals regulate the storage and transport of iron.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen (meaning it takes advantage of a disruption in the host’s immune system) that causes severe respiratory infections. A disturbing finding suggests that this pathogen expresses a siderophore-mediated iron acquisition system and these genes may be part of a mobile genetic element. Why is this observation of concern?

The Developing World and the Developed World

i) In what ways is human population ecology similar to and different from that of other organisms? Why is it difficult to determine a carrying capacity for humans?”

ii) How has the global human population changed from pre-historic times to 1800? From 1800 to the present? What is projected over the next 50 years?

iii) How does the World Bank classify countries in terms of economic categories?

iv) What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing countries? In urban areas?

v) Define crude birthrate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR). Describe how these rates are used to calculate the percent rate of growth and the doubling time of a population.

vi) How do the current positions of the developed and developing nations differ in demographic transition?

8. A gene for sweat gland production is found on the X chromosome. If a man who lacks sweat glands marries a woman who has normal sweat glands, what will be the phenotype of their children?

A. All of the boys will lack sweat glands.

B. All of the girls will lack sweat glands.

C. The girls will have sweat glands in some areas, but lack sweat glands in others.

D. All of the boys will have sweat glands.

E. All the boys will have sweat glands, and the girls will have sweat glands in some areas but not others.

The answer is E but I'd like to know why.

How does temperature and pH affect the ability of an enzyme to bind substrate? and what specific changes occur to the structure of an enzyme when it is boiled?

Describe the function of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

You are studying development in a new species offruit fly, Drosophila mitensis, and you find a fly that has curly wings as seen here:

                                                                                                         Curly Wings                   Normal Wings

The Curly wings phenotype is due to a mutation at a single locus. Assume that you have flies that are true- breeding for the curly wing phenotype (cur^-cur^-) and flies that are true-breeding for normal wings (cur⁺cur⁺).

·Propose a genetic cross to determine whether the mutant phenotype is dominant or recessive, and list the genotype(s) of the F1 offspring you would obtain from this cross. Use cur^- for the allele associated with curly wings and cur⁺ for the allele associated with normal wings.

·What phenotype(s) would you expect to see in the F1 generation if the mutant phenotype is dominant? In what proportion would you see these phenotypes?

·What phenotype(s) would you expect to see in the F1 generation if the mutant phenotype is recessive? In what proportion would you see these phenotypes?

You perform the experiment and find that the curly wing phenotype is recessive. A friend of yours has been studying a mutation that causes short antenna. The short antenna phenotype is recessive to the wild-type long antenna phenotype. You designate that mutant allele (ant^-) and the wild-type allele (ant⁺)

You set up the following crosses:

Curly wings, long antenna                                 Normal wings, short antenna

Cross 1:          cur^-cur^-ant⁺ant⁺Xcur⁺cur⁺ant^-ant^-

↓

F1:                              Normal wings,Long antenna

↓

Cross 2:       Normal wings, long antenna        X                     Curly wings, short antenna

                        (F1 from cross 1)

What type of cross is cross 2?

If the two genes are unlinked…

What phenotypic classes do you expect to see from cross 2 and in what ratios?

You perform cross 2, examine 1000 progeny and see that the genes are linked. In the table below, give the genotypes and phenotypes for the parental and recombinant progeny.

Please note that you must use the following nomenclature. Use cur^- and cur⁺ for the alleles of the wing gene. Use ant^- and ant⁺ for the alleles of the antennae gene.

What is the recombination frequency between the wing and the antennae genes?

( please do not answer in handwriting, the answer should be in print type)

a. Discuss one process or system in the construction field, where the industrial ecology mimics biological ecology.

If a cell is dormant and not actively growing dividing, will penicillin have any effect? Is this something to consider when taking antibiotics? Why?

Module 7 Worksheet (Muscles)

BIO 326

1. What are the three main muscle types and describe their characteristics (striated or not, duration of muscle twitch, purpose).

b. Describe how skeletal muscle contracts. What ion is important and what happens when it increases in abundance inside the cell? How does the muscle relax again?

c. Why do t-tubules need to be closely associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

d. Describe how the pacemaker (auto rhythmic) cells generate a repetitive series of action potentials.

e. Why is cardiac muscle not prone to tetanus