Review the options for energy-yielding nutrients and how all three macronutrients can be used for energy...

Review the options for energy-yielding nutrients and how all three macronutrients can be used for energy or stored as fat.
1. Compare the yields of pyruvate and Acetyl CoA.
2. Why is fat more energy rich?
3. What are two important coenzymes? Review the micronutrients involved

STEP 2: Study how pyruvate and acetyl CoA enter the TCA cycle, also known as the Kreb’s cycle. What is the net energy yield from one unit of glucose? What is the energy yield of a 16-carbon chain fatty acid?

Solutions

Expert Solution

a)pyruvate is produced by glycolysis where as acetyl Co A is produced in first step of KREB'S cycle ( even it can also be known as previous stage of Krebs cycle).

From glucose to PYRUVATE gives,2 ATP AND 2 NADH which then become Oxidized by electron transport chain and gives ATP.

Whereas,. Acetyl coA is produced from pyruvate and gives 1 NADH molecules but as 2 pyruvate is produced from one glucose 2 NADH is formed.

Glycolysis happens in cytosol and acetyl co A is produced in MITOCHONDRIA.

B)fat have more energy because when fat are Oxidized and then electrons goes to the higher electron affinity Molecules and then energy is released.

In fat, the carbon have more transferable electrons and thus it gives more energy.

C)the co enzymes are Thiamine pyrophosphate and lipoic acid.

Pyruvate is Oxidized by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is a combination of 3 enzymes and which produced acetyl co A and makes one NADH molecule from NAD+.

One glucose molecule gives 4 Molecules of ATP directly and 10 NADH2 AND 2 FADH2 MOLECULE WHICH WILL THEN GIVE (10*2.5)+(2*1.5) =28 MOLECULES OF ATP .

SO TOTAL ATP PRODUCTION WILL BE =28+10 =38 Molecules of ATP.

Fatty acid oxidation needs 2 Molecules of ATP at first step and no other ATP is required .

And this produces 1 FADH2 AND NADH2 EACH.

16 CARBON FATTY aCID WILL GIVE 7 CYCLE AND WILL MAKE 8 ACETYL CO A.

ONE ACETYL CO A GIVES 10 MOLECULES OF ATP .

SO, 8 ACETYL CO A WILL GIVE 80 ATP AND 7 NADH2 WILL GIVE 17.5 AND 7 FADH2 WILL GIVE 1.5 ATP .

SO, TOTAL ATP WILL PRODUCED=108 AND 2 IS USED UP .

SO NET, ATP WILL BE PRODUCED =108-2 =106 MOLECULES

gladiator answered 11 months ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Fats are considered the most energy-dense of the three energy-yielding nutrients because each gram od fat...

Fats are considered the most energy-dense of the three energy-yielding nutrients because each gram od fat provides how many calories? Question 17 options: 10 4 7 9 To help combat osteoporosis, women should namely make sure they get enough: Question 21 options: Calcium Iron Fiber Folate If a food manufacturer reports on a food package that the item is Fat Free, it is making which type of claim? Question 27 options: Nutrient Content Claim Health Claim Weight Watcher's Claim Nutritional...

Three options are under review for controlling neighborhood flooding during heavy rainstorms. All options are expected...

Three options are under review for controlling neighborhood flooding during heavy rainstorms. All options are expected to be in place for 50 years. The options differ both in cost and damage averted when a heavy rain event occurs. A promise has been made to build one option so ‘doing nothing’ is not a political acceptable alternative. When considering weather driven damage the usual method is to list the level of damage in currency terms and to state the likelihood that...

1. Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas. How is it related to digestion of the energy-yielding...

1. Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas. How is it related to digestion of the energy-yielding nutrients? 2. If you want to maintain a feeling of fullness for as long as possible, which meal would be preferred: 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato sauce, bread, and tea or 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato and meat sauce, bread with butter, and water? Why?

A machine can be purchased for $270,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $270,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied, using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 19,000 $ 28,000 $ 58,000 $ 49,500 $ 103,000 Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.)

A machine can be purchased for $226,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $226,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 22,500 $ 44,000 $ 77,000 $ 46,000 $ 108,000 Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.) Computation of Annual Depreciation Expense Year Beginning Book Value...

A machine can be purchased for $180,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $180,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, straight-line depreciation is applied, using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 12,100 $ 30,100 $ 69,000 $ 45,300 $ 120,400 Year Net Income Depreciation Net Cash Flow Cummulative Cash Flow 0 (180,000) (180,000) 1 12,100 2 30,100 3 69,000 4 45,300 5 120,400 Payback...

A machine can be purchased for $290,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $290,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.) Computation of Annual Depreciation Expense Year Beginning Book Value Annual Depr. (40% of Book Value) Accumulated Depreciation at Year-End Ending Book Value 1 2 3 4 5 Annual Cash Flows Year...

A machine can be purchased for $222,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $222,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 19,000 $ 49,000 $ 59,000 $ 57,500 $ 105,000 Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.) Computation of Annual Depreciation Expense Year Beginning Book Value...

A machine can be purchased for $269,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $269,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 21,000 $ 49,000 $ 68,000 $ 57,000 $ 132,000 Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.)

A machine can be purchased for $283,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net...

A machine can be purchased for $283,000 and used for five years, yielding the following net incomes. In projecting net incomes, double-declining depreciation is applied, using a five-year life and a zero salvage value. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net income $ 21,000 $ 30,000 $ 73,000 $ 41,000 $ 122,000 Compute the machine’s payback period (ignore taxes). (Round payback period answer to 3 decimal places.)

Subjects