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In: Biology

Review the options for energy-yielding nutrients and how all three macronutrients can be used for energy...

Review the options for energy-yielding nutrients and how all three macronutrients can be used for energy or stored as fat.
1. Compare the yields of pyruvate and Acetyl CoA.
2. Why is fat more energy rich?
3. What are two important coenzymes? Review the micronutrients involved

STEP 2: Study how pyruvate and acetyl CoA enter the TCA cycle, also known as the Kreb’s cycle. What is the net energy yield from one unit of glucose? What is the energy yield of a 16-carbon chain fatty acid?

Expert Solution

a)pyruvate is produced by glycolysis where as acetyl Co A is produced in first step of KREB'S cycle ( even it can also be known as previous stage of Krebs cycle).

From glucose to PYRUVATE gives,2 ATP AND 2 NADH which then become Oxidized by electron transport chain and gives ATP.

Whereas,. Acetyl coA is produced from pyruvate and gives 1 NADH molecules but as 2 pyruvate is produced from one glucose 2 NADH is formed.

Glycolysis happens in cytosol and acetyl co A is produced in MITOCHONDRIA.

B)fat have more energy because when fat are Oxidized and then electrons goes to the higher electron affinity Molecules and then energy is released.

In fat, the carbon have more transferable electrons and thus it gives more energy.

C)the co enzymes are Thiamine pyrophosphate and lipoic acid.

Pyruvate is Oxidized by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is a combination of 3 enzymes and which produced acetyl co A and makes one NADH molecule from NAD+.

One glucose molecule gives 4 Molecules of ATP directly and 10 NADH2 AND 2 FADH2 MOLECULE WHICH WILL THEN GIVE (10*2.5)+(2*1.5) =28 MOLECULES OF ATP .

SO TOTAL ATP PRODUCTION WILL BE =28+10 =38 Molecules of ATP.

Fatty acid oxidation needs 2 Molecules of ATP at first step and no other ATP is required .

And this produces 1 FADH2 AND NADH2 EACH.

16 CARBON FATTY aCID WILL GIVE 7 CYCLE AND WILL MAKE 8 ACETYL CO A.

ONE ACETYL CO A GIVES 10 MOLECULES OF ATP .

SO, 8 ACETYL CO A WILL GIVE 80 ATP AND 7 NADH2 WILL GIVE 17.5 AND 7 FADH2 WILL GIVE 1.5 ATP .

SO, TOTAL ATP WILL PRODUCED=108 AND 2 IS USED UP .

SO NET, ATP WILL BE PRODUCED =108-2 =106 MOLECULES

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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