Water-soluble vitamins participate in all of the following functions except

Group of answer choices

blood formation.

acting as antioxidants.

maintaining the nervous system.

lipid metabolism.

The fact that genes have been �conserved� throughout evolution

Select one:

a. means that genes that perform certain functions in lower animals have been maintained even in human DNA.

b. enables organisms like yeast to be able to use human genes to function.

c. connects all living organisms to a common ancestor approximately 3.5 billion years ago.

d. is upheld by all of the above.

e. tells us nothing about any of the above.

f. tells us that conservative politicians ought to be able to determine whether or not we accept this evidence.

Note: not (a) alone or (c) alone

Most bacteria can easily be lysed by heating to a high temperature, thus eliminating the need for a separate DNA extraction step prior to DNA amplification by PCR. Probiotic bacteria are notoriously difficult to lyse, requiring enzymatic or physical disruption methods. Explain why (think about gram identity and the environmental conditions for probiotic bacteria).

Eukaryotic cells also require DNA extraction steps, unlike most bacteria. Explain why (think about the differences in cell structure).

Many DNA extraction protocols include a step where DNA is precipitated from solution, thus enabling the isolation of pure DNA. This step involves the addition of salt and alcohol. Explain why the addition of salt and ethanol causes DNA to precipitate from an aqueous solution. (Think about the structure of DNA and its interaction with an aqueous solvent).

Discuss the evolutionary trends in the genus Homo. Start with the transition from early Homo to Homo erectus and end with the Neandertals. Be sure to include the temporal and geographic distributions of the various species of Homo.

Sub: Anthropology

QUESTION 19

1. Light dependent reactions are carried out both on and in between photosystems. This process is like the last stage of aerobic respiration in that both

   		reaction sequences carry out electron transfer phosphorylations.
   		processes generate ATP.
   		processes involve electron flow.
   		systems are lodged along and within a membrane surface.
   		all of the above.

3.2 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Each wavelength of light has its own

   		temperature.
   		separate source where it’s generated.
   		energy level.
   		molecular structure.
   		interference pattern.

3.2 points   

QUESTION 21

1. ________ organisms build their own energy-rich molecules using solar energy.

   		Micro-
   		Autotrophic
   		Tropical
   		Multicellular
   		Marine

3.2 points   

QUESTION 22

1. Energy supplied to break bonds in reactant molecules is known as

   		electrical potential.
   		action potential.
   		supplemental energy.
   		activation energy.
   		feedback inhibition.

3.2 points   

QUESTION 23

1. Accessory pigments enable the chloroplast to

   		absorb and thus use a wider range of wavelengths of light.
   		carry out both photosynthesis and respiration.
   		store light energy for use during the night.
   		continue functioning when only non-visible wavelengths are available.
   		attract a different set of insects to the plant in the fall season.

3.2 points   

QUESTION 24

1. In respiration, chemical energy is transferred from glucose to ATP. The energy transfer however, is not 100% efficient. In the transfer, some of the energy is lost as

   		carbon dioxide.
   		heat.
   		pyruvate.
   		light.
   		ADP.

3.2 points   

QUESTION 25

1. In a crowded, unventilated room, the temperature rises because

   		people’s cells burn glucose inefficiently giving off heat.
   		people in crowded rooms tend to talk more.
   		the carbon dioxide people exhale is loaded with potential energy.
   		people’s respiration process consumes most of the available energy.
   		people consume oxygen leaving behind smaller molecules that move faster.

How does dentinal tubule occlusion stop dentin hypersensitivity?

how would SEC (size-exclusive chromatography) enhance (or not) for protein purification and why? What advantages or disadvantages? What could

be done in the future for greater purification?

The patient is a 62 year old female with nausea and abdominal pain. Routine screening endoscopy shows a diffuse gastritis and biopsy reveals small bacteria in the superficial gastric mucus.

What type of organisms do you suspect?

The biopsy also shows lymphoepithelial lesions with lymphocytes invading and destroying gastric glands. The gastric mucosa is diffusely infiltrated by small mature lymphocytes. What is your diagnosis?


How should this patient be treated?

Once COVID-19 infected the host cell (human), its components (COVID-19 proteins) can be made.

Name and explain the process involved

1. Name:

2. Process:

When a plant grows, the atoms used come from carbon dioxide in the air and water. Plants are able to accomplish this through the process of photosynthesis, cellular respiration and biosynthesis of macromolecules.

Where does the energy come from that allow plants to synthesize the necessary biological macromolecules that allow it to grow? Hint: It is NOT from sunlight. Explain your answer.

Lysozyme is an enzyme produced by humans that also targets peptidoglycan. Does it have the same mechanism of action as the penicillins and cephalosporins? Explain.

What key elements have the biggest impact in human eye color and does modern biology give any tools to define the color of the future child’s eyes based on his or her parents’ eyes? Is it only genetics that stands behind eye color? Please use an in-depth investigative response. 1200 words. Thank you!

9. A ___________ life table would be most appropriate for a population of sessile barnacles, whereas a _________________ life table would be most appropriate for a population of baitfish such as herring. *

2 points

a. static; composition

b. cohort; stable

c. static; cohort

d. cohort; static

1. Glycolysis

2. Transition step

3. TCA cycle

4. Electron transport chain

For each of the above, answer the following questions:

Where in the cell does it take place? Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

Number of ATP molecules produced?

Number of NADH/FADH2 produced?

What goes in, and what leaves? (reactants vs end products)