4. Continuing the example above of mating two plants, a homozygous recessive for pollen gran and flower color and the other heterozygous for both traits. A) What are the genotype and phenotype ratios you expect for the offspring? B) Which Mendelian assumption are you making when estimating those allele ratios?

1. The “novel coronavirus” (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing much concern this winter/spring is a member of the family Coronaviridae.  Describe the structure, and the nature of the genetic material, of the Coronaviridae.  

How did Lamarck’s theory of evolution DIFFER from that of Darwin’s?

Lamarck believed that Earth was old enough to provide a sufficient time scale for the process of evolution.

Lamarck believed that the environment played a significant role.

Lamarck believed that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to the next generation.

Lamarck believed that acquired character during an organism’s lifetime could not be passed on to the next generation.

1. Outline the steps of electrical conduction through the mammalian heart.

2. What is the importance of the skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps?

3. What happens to heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and patterns of blood flow at the onset of exercise in humans?

The following mRNA fragment is responsible for coding exactly three amino acids, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th ones of a polypeptide that is made of 60 amino acids. The base sequence in this fragment is: ...AUGACUGAAUAA… Use the genetic code to name the amino acids in the order of addition to the growing polypeptide chain.

2. What is the differences in the formation of Endochondrial bone and Membrane bone?

Describe how cell metabolism affects the processing of a pear as it moves through the process of cellular respiration.  Be sure to list each step of cellular respiration and account for the energy released from the pear at each step.

You are growing C3 and C4 plants in normal (21%) and low (1%) O2 air, under both warm well-lit conditions and cool shady conditions. You find that, in general, the C3 plants have a photosynthetic advantage over C4 plants in:

How does temperature have an effect on the growth of insect eggs and larvae?

1. If mutations such as those of the Ubx gene can drastically change morphology in a single step, why do most evolutionary biologists maintain that modification of existing traits and the evolution of novel characters have generally proceeded by successive small steps?

For the experimental background, we treated 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with EGF and are now trying to detect the phosphorylated tyrosine proteins using primary and secondary antibodies as stains. We also made 4 different samples (a control with no EGF, a sample exposed for 1 minute to EGF, a 5 minute, and a 10 minute).

1) What does the appearance of a new band in a western blot mean?

2) When a band on a western blot increases in density over time, what does it mean?

3) When a band on a western blot decreases in density over time, what does it mean?

4) As it relates to EGF signaling, what process in the cell would possibly lead a band to increase in density over time?

5) As it relates to EGF signaling, what process in the cell would possibly lead to a band to decrease in density over time?

6) Why would a control (or 0 time) sample show bands for tyrosine phosphorylated proteins?

Thank you!