please lost pros and cons of The Genome Project and Celera Genomics.

edit: list*

Show all work/formulas used:

1) Based on the following data:

Genotype: AA Aa aa

Relative fitness:   WAA= 1 WAa= 1 Waa= 0.5

Number of young: 100 100 800

1a) Estimate the frequency of 'aa' young individuals after 5 and 10 generations

2b) Show (graph) how the frequency of the alleles 'A' and 'a' change for 20 generations

2) If the initial Frequency of a lethal recessive allele is 10%, how many generations are needed to reduce it to 5%? (assume random mating, no new mutations and no drift)

describe how a clrician can determine that a patient has allergies to house mites. ?

Different types of cells have different types of integral membrane proteins. What would you expect to reside in the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell that might be absent from that of an erythrocyte? How do such differences relate to the activities of these cells? explain d in etail and give reference. (15points)

1. 1. What is the difference between motile and sessile growth of microorganisms?
2. 2. Describe in detail the steps in formation and structure of biofilms.
   3. Provide one example of a biofilm in nature that is beneficial. Provide one example of a biofilm in clinical environments that is harmful.  
   4. Briefly explain how microorganisms communicate in a biofilm?   
   5. What is a quorum? What does a quorum do for a potential biological effect?
   6. How can quorum sensing increase the disease causing ability of bacteria?
   7. How could biofilm formation be inhibited or prevented from forming?  
   8. Why do biofilms provide an evolutionary advantage to microbes in the biofilm (HINT: what are the advantages of living in biofilm)

what procedure allows us to isolate and extract plasmid DNA and to avoid isolating the larger circular genomic-chromosomal DNA?

Why do many restriction enzymes require a 37 C temperature to be active and to hydrolyze DNA molecules while other restriction enzymes require 50 C temperature to be active and to hydrolyze DNA molecules?

what are some ways that micorooganisms are important to the environment?

Subject lab exercise microbiology ninteenth edition

Microbial Growth Control- Bacteriology

-Briefly describe factors affecting optimal growth temperatures

-Compare & contrast ways in which microbial cells are enumerated.

-Describe/define both LD and MIC

2)List the beneficial aspects of Microbes. What is the goal of the public health microbiologist when it comes to the microbes?

5. A kidney-bean shaped eye is produced by a recessive gene, k, on the third chromosome of Drosophila. Orange eye color, called cardinal, is produced by the recessive gene cd on the same chromosome. A third recessive gene on chromosome three, e, produces ebony body color. Trihybrid females are testcrossed to produce 4000 progeny, as follows: 1761 kidney, cardinal 1773 ebony 128 cardinal 97 kidney 89 ebony, cardinal 6 kidney, ebony, cardinal 8 wild type 138 kidney, ebony

a. Which gene is in the middle?

b. What is the distance between genes k and cd?

c. What is the distance between genes e and k?

d. What is the distance between genes cd and e?

1a) If you have three genes H, M, and T located on three different chromosomes and you performed the following cross:

HhMmTt x hhmmtt

How many phenotypic combinations would you see?

1b) If you have three genes H, M, and T located on three different chromosomes and you performed the following cross:

HhMmTt x hhmmtt

where H is Hairy and h is hairless; M is Mindful and m is mindless; and T is Tall and t is short.

If there were 800 offspring, how many of them would be expected to be hairless, Mindful, and Tall?

1c) Assume that three genes are linked on the X chromosome: A, B, and C.

If the parental cross was AABBCC x aabbcc, you would expect all of the F1 to be AaBbCc

If you cross these F1 progeny with a tester (aabbcc), what is a possible outcome of the percentage of the offspring will have one of the parental types assuming the genes are linked?

(You can pick any valid percentage you would like; remember percent is 0 to 100)

Describe the steps in the electron transport chain including enzymes and coenzymes involved (4 sentences total)

Then, briefly mention 2 other systems of energy production that may be used to fuel exercise and where in the cell they occur. (2 sentences total)

Using Miller’s hypothesis for adaptive evolution of thrashers (Toxostoma) from a mockingbird (Mimus) ancestor as representing the standard evolutionary genetic model of the modern synthesis, explain how each of the following hypothesized processes of evolutionary diversification differ: (1) West-Eberhard’s “alternative adaptations,” (2) West-Eberhard’s phenotypic and genetic accommodation, and (3) McKay and Zink’s “Sisyphean evolution.” Include in part 2 a discussion of how genetic accommodation resembles and differs from Waddington’s hypothesis of genetic assimilation.