The immune system (select the MOST CORRECT statement)

Digestion of food (select the MOST CORRECT statement)

Suppose you are at a party, and one of your human friends decides to run around the room screaming "I'm a jawed fish." It's not a costume party, so the other guests look at your friend a bit oddly-- actually a lot oddly-- and they edge away. But you stand up and say that your friend is right. Assuming that the other partygoers are trained in phylogenetic systematics, what argument could you make to convince them? Your answer will be most convincing if it is constructed in complete sentences and uses specific and appropriate terms (spelled correctly); you could also use figures to help illustrate the point you are making.

How many types of DNA ligases? and describe the (Weiss unit) used to determine the concentration these DNA ligases?

PART 1

You will want to solve this problem as a Punnett square and use that to answer the questions below. You may select multiple answers for the genotypes, and just one answer for the phenotypic ratio.

Predict the genotypes of the F1 offspring and phenotypic ratios of these offspring that would result from the following fruit fly crosses:

Cross B: a cross between a sepia-eyed male and a white-eyed female (male genotype = X^w+Y se se ; female genotype = X^wX^w se⁺se⁺ )

PART 2

What is the number of each phenotype would you predict in the offspring of F₁xF₁ crosses of B that you described above if you looked at 16 offspring?

Note: You will have to think carefully about what phenotype is going to show in the case of X^wX^wse se and X^wYse se (double homozgyous recessive male or female)

Write only the numbers of predicted offspring in each box, for example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16. Do not use any words, spaces, or punctuation - just a number. All of your blanks together should add up to 16.

__: WT (Red eyed) males

__: Sepia eyed males

__: White eyed males

__: WT (Red eyed) females

__: Sepia eyed females

__: White eyed females

List THREE Muscle Tissues. In SIX different ways, Compare and Contrast between the three Muscle Tissue types.

How is complementary base pairing restricted?

A. One complementary set of bases creates two hydrogen bonds and the other set form 3 hydrogen bonds

B. the two bonded pyrimidines are too small to cover the space in the double helix of DNA

C. the two purines that are bonded are too big to fit in double helix

D. all of the above

What happens when the translocation of a tRNA from one ribosome binding site to another?

A. tRNA and initiation factors interacy

B. Ribosome shifts 3 nucleotides down mRNA

C.release factor binds to ribosome

D. ribosomal unit dissociates

Q)In analyzing a DNA sample the molar amount of adenosine is 30 %. Given this information and applying Chargaff's rules, determine the following:
a. Percentage of thymidine /T?
b. percentage due to cytidine /C?
c. percentage due to Guanosine /G ?
d. Percentage due to uridine /U?
5. What is the resulting product when you replicate this sequence : 5- ATCCG -3

Imagine a species of bison in which most individuals have a brown coat color, but some individuals have white coats. The coat phenotype is due to a single locus called C. The brown allele (C1) is dominant over the white allele (C2). The possible genotypes are: C1C1 à brown coat; C1C2 à brown coat; C2C2 à white coat. At this time, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There are 450 bison in the population and 175 of them have white coats.

A. What are the allele frequencies? (2 pts) B. What are the genotype frequencies? (2 pts) C. Again, assuming Hardy Weinberg, what are the allele frequencies in the next generation of bunnies produced by these adult rabbits? (2 pt) D. Now assume that wolves who like to eat bison can spot the ones with white coats twice as easily as the brown ones (it is summer, not winter in North Dakota). If you start again with a population of 450 bison including 175 white ones and wolves eat 35 white, 20 heterozygous brown and 10 homozygous brown bison, then what are the genotype frequencies AFTER the wolves have their dinner? (2 pts) E. What are the allele frequencies in the gene pool of gametes produced by the survivors? (2 pt) D. What will be the allele frequencies in the population of baby bison produced in the next generations, assuming that the population is now is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (there was random mating and not predation on the babies, etc)(2pts)?

3.This experiment explores the concept of osmosis, with a hands on experiment using potatoes and salt water in your kitchen at home. Be sure to read the instructions for the potato experiment

Actions

in the lab handout ahead of time so you can get the materials you need for the lab before you do it!

In your prelab, you explored diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. In that activity, small particles could easily pass through the semipermeable dialysis membrane. But all semipermeable membranes are not equal! Before starting this lab, consider the following.

A living membrane is considered to be semipermeable. Is it permeable to the same substances as the dialysis membrane used in prelab? Which of the following substances do you expect to passively move through the plasma membrane of potato cells? Pick all that apply.  

Group of answer choices

sodium ions

chloride ions

water

4.The passive movement of solutes across a living membrane is called  .

The passive movement of water across a living membrane is called  .

Scenario 1:

Upon entering the classroom you notice two small glass tanks on the table. One of them contains many active crustaceans (Daphnia) swimming around. The other tank is cloudy and it appears as though all of the Daphnia are dead! You also notice a half-empty bottle of glucose in the trashcan. Your mission is to figure out what happened and why.

You have at your disposal the following items:
   Microscope, slides, coverslips, etc.
   Biuret and Benedict’s reagents and the necessary equipment to perform these tests

1.   What are your observations?

2.   Could there be something in the water that killed the Daphnia? What could that something be?

3.   Formulate a hypothesis as to what you think might be in the “death” tank based simply on the few observations you have at the moment.

4.   What experiment would you perform to test your hypothesis?

5.   Let’s assume the results of your experiment support your hypothesis. (Check with instructor, then proceed.) State the results of your experiment.

6.   Given that your hypothesis is supported, propose an explanation as to why the Daphnia died in terms of osmosis, diffusion, tonicity and the effects of hyper/hypo-tonic solutions on living cells.

List the four steps of the scientific method and describe what you did in the above scenario as it relates to each of those steps.

Scenario 2:

1.   You are walking through the woods when you discover a small twitching blob. You think it might be alive so you bring it to class. Unfortunately by the time you get to class, it is no longer twitching. Your instructor decides to let you dissect it. When you cut the blob open you see a round mass of tissue in the center of the blob so you cut into it. You make a slide from that tissue and look at it under the microscope. What you see is a confusing mass of cells. It appears as though the cells have branches. Within the cell body you see a single nucleus. What do you think this tissue/cell type might be? And what would its function be?

2.   Next you remove a piece of some very tough tissue. Under the microscope you see linear strands of fibers that appear to have striations in them. You wonder what would happen if you applied an electric current to this tissue in the blob. Your instructor gets an electrode and applies a mild electric current. The tissue twitches! What type of tissue do you think this is? What is its function?

3.   With all of this cutting, the blob begins to leak. You examine the fluid under the microscope and see many individual cells all with a nucleus. What type of cells do you think these are? Which other animal cell type do these cells resemble?

Scenario 3:

It’s twenty past the hour and you are late to biology lab. When you arrive, you find your classmates gathered outside the door and the Professor is nowhere to be found. You then notice that everyone is hovered around some spatters of red liquid inside the doorway. Has your professor been injured? You’d better find out.

What are your observations?

What are some hypotheses you could make about the situation based on your observations?

You and your classmates decide to examine the red liquid to find out exactly what it is. Your initial thought is to see what you can find under the microscope. You first need to prepare your slide. What would you need and how would you do this?

After you get the slide on the microscope all you see is darkness. What might be the problem?

Describe how you would manipulate the microscope to first center your specimen and then focus in on your image.

After some adjustments, you are able to focus on some tiny oval shaped structures. Each contains a purple stained dot in the center. As you scan around you also see some smaller, rounder structures that are also stained purple. Could this be the blood of you missing Professor or is there no cause for alarm?

Scenario 4:

Your pet dog has a stomach ache. The veterinarian, in order to help determine the cause of the ache, will attempt to identify the contents of its stomach. What tests could the vet perform and what results might you expect him/her to find?

Scenario 5:

You return from a bathroom break during your lab class on diffusion and osmosis, having just drank half a bottle of water. You return to find that your water has been moved and your lab partners are looking your way, pointing to the bottle, and snickering. You then catch a glimpse of an empty salt packet on the table. Are your lab partners trying to be funny? How would you determine whether or not they had poured the salt in your water without drinking it?

1. List five questions about the rate at which Alka-Seltzer^® tablets dissolve if the temperature was held constant and one of the controlled variables was changed. Develop a new hypothesis based on one of the questions. Remember that a hypothesis must be testable with empirical or measurable data.

Briefly describe human pseudoautosomal regions. Why did they evolve? How do they differ from other regions of X and Y? Provide information you feel is relevant and key to their existence.