what is the difference between long and short reflexes in the neural control of digestion? Put in more about enteric nervous system.

How does M-Cdk facilitate mitosis? (Hint: 4 targets)

How is M-Cdk turned off?

Explain what happens in telophase related to the M-Cdk targets and return of cell to interphase.

Write an introduction on "how vinegar and water solution affect the rate of seed germination".

the introduction should include :

1 - Relevant background information

2 - A clear stated hypothesis with justification

3 - You must include at least three literature citations ( use in-text citations and provide the full citations)

1. Nutrition is a broad field that involves the foods you consume, the nutrient content of those foods, and how those foods and their nutrients affect your health and wellness. Health effects can include how you feel on a daily basis, as well as your risk for certain diseases in the future.

Choose the option below that does not describe the science of nutrition.

2. Macronutrients are important sources of energy for the body. These include carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and are needed in relatively large amounts in the diet. Some foods contain only one macronutrient, but most foods contain a combination of these nutrients.

Choose the option below that is not a source of macronutrients.

3. Dietary Reference Intakes are a set of guidelines intended to help identify how much of each nutrient is needed. Following these guidelines may help prevent deficiency diseases, reduce the risk of chronic disease, and limit risk of nutrient toxicity.

From the statements below, choose the one that correctly describes one of the Dietary Reference Intakes.

There are three different questions with three different answers. Please answer all three questions.

Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is treatable by restricting lactose and glucose in the diet. Susan Smithers and her husband are both heterozygous for the galactosemia gene. If Susan and her husband have four children, what is the probability that: (1 point each)

a. none of the four will have galactosemia?

b. at least one child will have galactosemia?

c. only one child will have galactosemia?

d. the first two will have galactosemia and the second two will not?

e. two will have galactosemia and two will not, regardless of order?

Please provide an explanation! This is my second time posting this so if you aren't sure please don't answer!! TY!

12. Researchers are attempting to understand whether the floral nectar consumption by a particular hummingbird species conforms to the expectations of optimal foraging theory. Describe two experiments that could be performed to assess this.

One will be an observational experiment, where foraging is observed in the wild, throughout the year, without manipulation. Assume that cold temperature is the key environmental constraint that limits the birds’ abilities to be choosy (i.e. hint, look at the salmon experiment from our lecture). Also assume these birds choose among 3 different types of flowers/nectar that are available throughout their active season: A, B, and C. A has the highest amino acid content and C has the lowest. All have equal amounts of energy. A is the hardest to find, followed by B, and then C.

The other will be a manipulative experiment in which the search time is varied. In this one you create an arena with 2 types of artificial flower, each with different qualities of nectar (i.e. different amino acid content). The flowers differ in colors that the birds can distinguish, but are otherwise identical (i.e. the handling time is kept the same). You have to set things up so that the cost-to-benefit ratio of looking for the higher nutrition flower is changed across 2 treatments. Hint: think along the lines of the conveyor belt experiment.

Be sure to explicitly state your dependent and independent variables and to describe the results expected if the birds do indeed conform to the expectations of optimal foraging theory

For each of the following Case Studies, select which carbohydrate source you feel is best. Then, explain WHY you chose your answer. (these are TWO part questions, make sure you answer both!)

1. An athlete DURING exercise – should they be ingesting monosaccharide’s, disaccharides, or polysaccharides?
2. Should a diabetic’s daily diet include mostly: LOW or HIGH glycemic index foods? (their regular diet, not during an emergency or in diabetic shock [hypoglycemia])?
3. Someone with pancreatic cancer who is suffering from extreme GI distress. Should this person be ingesting veggies that are high in insoluble fiber? Yes or no?
4. It is 2 days before surgery. What types of carbohydrates should this person be ingesting to give their bodies the most fuel to help them recover: monosaccharide’s, disaccharides, or polysaccharides?

Even organisms whose embryos are conditionally specified must have at least one autonomous specification event. Why?

How might RBC production be altered to compensate for changes to hemoglobin that result in an abnormally high affinity for O2?

Six people had submitted urine samples to the laboratory. The samples were given at the same time, and the amount of urine was equal in all samples. Your task is to help with the information

below about the different test subjects, analyze what each person's urine sample should show. Background information:

1. One person was completely healthy

2. A person suffered from untreated diabetes

3. One person worked in a factory with hot and dry air

4. One person produced too little antidiuretic hormone

5. A person suffered from a hereditary defect on the nephron's basement membrane (it is too sparse)

6. A person has urinary tract infection

Please read about the function of the kidneys and its parts and how the function is regulated. Describe how much urine the people in question would have, and how one might test its properties. It can be good to also search on the internet.

You must explain in detail and in a nuanced manner the meaning of concepts and models that relate to the kidney structure and function linked to the scenarios set in the question, also highlight specific methods for testing urine properties in all situations and explain why you can use these tests in conjunction with these scenarios. The report should also have a clear structure with a red thread, and that is easy to follow in the text. You use different types of sources and make well-founded and nuanced assessments of the credibility and relevance of the information and sources.

How has our cultural behaviour affected how we evolved from archaic hominins to modern humans?

What did our ancestors achieve that they would not have otherwise were it not for our
cultural adaptations?