Question

Write an introduction on "how vinegar and water solution affect the rate of seed germination".

the introduction should include :

1 - Relevant background information

2 - A clear stated hypothesis with justification

3 - You must include at least three literature citations ( use in-text citations and provide the full citations)

Answer 1

Vinegar is highly acidic, and it can have many negative effects on the growth of plants. Vinegar is often used as a natural weed killer, and any contact with a plant may damage or kill the plant. The acetic acid found in vinegar is the most harmful element to plants. Vinegar initially dries out the leaves of plants but does not affect roots, making it a poor solution for killing perennial weeds. Repeated use on young, actively growing annuals can cause more damage, even preventing the weeds from establishing roots and setting seeds that allow them to self-sow for their next growth cycle.

Vinegar can lower the pH of soil and prevent plants from growing. Low pH levels are not suitable for the growth of many plants. The acidity of household vinegar, with about 5 percent acetic acid, is not strong to cause lasting damage to the soil, and the soil should return to normal pH levels after a few days. However, herbicidal vinegar, with 20 percent acetic acid, can have a longer-lasting effect. Herbicidal vinegar can also burn the eyes and skin, so it should be used with proper protection and caution.

Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were diluted with distilled water 102 to 107 times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 102 of original vinegar and 103 of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce, watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum).

Ref:

Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants.

• Jun Mu
• Tohru Uehara
• Takeshi Furuno