Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information over time and is the result of the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. Memory plays a role in the most mundane activities, such as remembering where the car keys are, and the most elaborate of processes, such as forming a personal identity or establishing neural connections. Memories are not passive recordings of the world, but instead result from combining incoming information with previous experiences. Encoding is the process of linking new and old information together and turning that information into lasting memories. Memory is influenced by the type of encoding we perform regardless of whether we consciously intend to remember an event, fact, or experience. Semantic encoding (actively linking incoming information to existing associations and knowledge), visual imagery encoding (converting incoming information into mental pictures), and organizational encoding (noticing relationships among items to be encoded) all enhance memory. Different regions within the frontal lobes play important roles in semantic encoding and organizational encoding, whereas the occipital lobes are important for visual imagery encoding.

Lucky Sevens Exercise

A casual glance at the world reveals that an inordinate number of things seem to conform to the 7 ± 2 rule made famous by George Miller in 1956, who found that the capacity of short-term memory was 7, plus or minus 2, chunks of information. The creations of ZIP codes, telephone numbers (with or without area code), Social Security numbers, and 5-, 7-, or 9-point Likert scales all suggest that people have difficulty keeping track of information that goes beyond 9 or so chunks, or discriminations. Furthermore, in 1961 anthropologist Anthony Wallace studied vastly different cultures ranging enormously in size and still found a striking similarity: In each case the number of dimensions needed to account for kinship terms (“aunt,” “cousin,” “father”) was relatively invariant, ranging from about 5 to 9. It seemed to Wallace that the development of language, even across cultures, obeyed the constraint found in human cognitive processing.

Looking at your current world, generate examples of people, events, or things in the word that can be packaged with this 7 (+ or – 2) range. Here are some examples to give you some ideas: lucky number 7; 7 days of the week; 7 dwarfs.

Do your examples of “set of seven” represent simple numerology and coincidence or were the examples designed specifically to better accommodate the human memory?

*** Provide information from one or more scholarly sources with an in-text citation and match referencing to support your discussion. Wikipedia is not a scholarly source. Discussion without a source will receive zero (0) point.

*** Responses to Discussion Question should be 200 words or more and substantive-this does not include assignment or references. A good practice to produce a response in Word Document to monitor word count, copy and paste into the message area. Please be sure to include proper APA in-text citation and reference for all information.

Write a argumentative reasearch essay by using MLA format within 600 words about "Relaxation Techniques." Use qutation and Citations from source according to MLA format.

Instruction: You can focus on one relaxation technique, and show logics to make your opinion more stronger and then you can compare your Relaxation techinques with others techniques and then try to build up that your focusing technique is more beneficial and easy.

Note: Citations and qutations are must according to MLA format.

Imagine you are tasked with conducting a counseling intake interview with a 19 year old college student who is feeling sad, unmotivated, and worried about his grades. It is the student’s first semester at school, and he is finding that he has gone from being an A student in high school to a B- student in college. He has also moved 500 miles away from his hometown to attend school.

a number of counseling approaches (cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, and behavioral), that can be used to guide and understand an interview.

Which approach would you use to guide this intake interview? Explain why you think this approach is a good choice for this particular interview also, develop at least 5 questions for your interview and explain how the questions fit with the approach you chose.

World Religion

Islam rejects Christian teaching that all humans are born sinners. Rather, each person freely chooses to follow God and do good or not. For Islam, the Christian doctrine of original sin removes personal responsibility. The idea that Jesus died for others is judged to be unfair and against God’s justice. Each individual alone, is responsible for their eternal destiny.

Does the Christian or Muslim view of the human person and the role in their salvation make more sense? Why?

Watch the video Extreme Seniors

How is ageism affecting our "gray America" today? Albeit, there are some "extreme seniors" that are fighting the usual discrimination. What do you think is happening?

theories that can be used as tools when working with the addiction population. Write a two-page paper.

Samuel has a private practice and he receives most of his income from clients covered by managed care companies. He is completing the paperwork to get both reimbursement and approval of the number of sessions for two new clients. Samuel is aware that the diagnosis he gives will affect the responses of the managed care reviewer. The first client, Charlie, has experienced a recent interpersonal loss and has some behaviors that meet the criteria for major depression. The second client, Amanda, has also experienced a recent interpersonal loss and has some behaviors that meet the criteria for a personality disorder. For Charlie, Samuel knows that if he gives a diagnosis of bereavement he will likely be told that the client does not need treatment and he will not be reimbursed, but if the client has Major Depressive Disorder, then the client may be given six or eight sessions. Similarly, if Samuel gives Amanda a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, she will likely be approved for several sessions. However, if he assigns a diagnosis of a personality disorder, then she will not be approved for counseling. Samuel truly believes that both individuals could benefit from counseling with him.

Regarding the case study above, what diagnosis should Samuel give Charlie and Amanda? Why? Do you think it is unethical or illegal for Samuel to give Charlie or Amanda one diagnosis or another? Is it unethical that an insurance company, who has not yet met the client can determine whether they will have services paid for, or how many sessions they can have? Why/why not?

What did you learn about this structure that was a surprise to you or resonated with you about building relationships in the workplace? Did the people who built this wall have to work together? Are there any lessons to be learned about building relationships across philosophical divides (differing world views) in the workplace?

Note: Please avoid comments or references to the southern border between Mexico and the USA. This is a highly controversial subject and your comments may be taken out of context and appear as harassment. Any comments about the southern border or Mexico will be immediately removed and points deducted from your score

Please write in full sentences and atleast 1-2 paragraphs for each please.

-Correctly describe self-handicapping in detail

-What questions do you now have after considering the event in light of psychological theory of self-handicapping?

-What type of experiment(s) might help address self-handicapping further? Like how can we better our understanding of this? What experiments can we design to better understand it or explore more?

If you can please watch season 3 episode 6 of grey's anatomy and explain the situation of the patient with burnt hands and how that's self-handicapping.

Islam recognizes Jesus and Moses. Does this mean that Islam respects other religions? Why or why not?

Describe the experimental method, state its advantages and disadvantages, and distinguish between independent and dependent variables.

Key Terms

experimental method

causal hypothesis

independent variable

dependent variable

experimental group

control group

random assignment

Exercises

1. What is the primary advantage of the experimental method?

2. Read the scenario and answer the questions that follow it.

In a laboratory study of sleep deprivation, researchers employed a variety of techniques to keep volunteers awake for variable amounts of time.   One group of participants was kept awake for 24 hours, and the other was kept awake for 48 hours. During periods of forced wakefulness, participants were required to engage verbal learning tasks such as memorizing the definitions of obscure English words. At the conclusion of the period of forced wakefulness, participants were allowed to sleep for as long as they wanted to. When participants awakened, researchers tested them on the learning tasks they completed during the periods of forced wakefulness. The researchers discovered that participants who were deprived of sleep for 48 hours recalled less than those who had been forced to remain awake for 24 hours.

1a. What is the independent variable?_____________________________________________

1b. What is the dependent variable?_______________________________________________

1c. What is the control group?____________________________________________________

1d. What is/are the experimental group(s)?__________________________________________

3. Why is random assignment critical to the experimental method?

PERCEPTION AND SENSATION

-Debate why many focus on perception as a tool for action and survival instead of focusing only on perception as a tool for developing mental representations.

-Discuss the ways in which ability and expectations can affect perception.

-Discuss the major functions of motion perception and the ways in which we can perceive motion.

-Describe real and apparent motion, what the aperture problem is, and how the visual system “solves” this problem.

-Detail how lesioning, transcranial magnetic stimulation and microstimulation have been used to study how neurons signal motion.

-State the major principles of the corollary discharge theory of motion perception, and summarize the behavioral and physiological support for the theory.

-Discuss behavioral and physiological research on implied motion, and relate this to the concept of representational momentum.

-Discuss developmental research on motion preference in newborn babies.

WRITE A SUMMARY IN 150 WORDS OR LESS FOR THE INFORMATION BELOW

Synchronous learning is the kind of learning that happens in real time. This means that you, your classmates, and your instructor interact in a specific virtual place, through a specific online medium, at a specific time. In other words, it’s not exactly anywhere, anyhow, anytime. Methods of synchronous online learning include video conferencing, teleconferencing, live chatting, and live-streaming lectures.

What are the advantages of synchronous learning

• Classroom Engagement

If you’re the kind of learner that likes active discussion, immediate feedback, and a personal familiarity that you can only get through real-time interaction, you’re probably a candidate for a synchronous learning experience. This is an especially important distinction if you’re just making the transition from the traditional classroom to an online setting. The personal contact that you get through live videoconferencing, lecture broadcasts or messenger chatting can make it a lot easier to make the transition. Essentially, you can have all the personal engagement of a classroom without getting all sketched out about germs during cold and flu season.

• Dynamic Learning

This experience comes with more than just engagement though. There’s a case to be made that synchronous online learning is simply a superior way to learn, that it allows for a more dynamic exploration of topics, ideas and concepts than is possible in a medium with time lag. Videoconferencing, for instance, makes it possible to ask questions and receive answers mid-lesson; to discourse and debate with classmates at a brisk and exciting pace; to collectively drive a conversation into unexpected new directions. There is a speed and immediacy to synchronous online learning that, at its best, evokes the same level of accountability and engagement as classroom attendance. If you thrive at a swift pace, surrounded by competing and complementary ideas, this is as close as you’ll come to the real thing.

• Instructional Depth

With synchronous online learning, you’ll interact regularly and frequently with your professors. You’ll actually get to know your instructors. This is not just a good way to confirm your instructor’s credibility. It also provides regular opportunity for face-to-face discussion, individual guidance, and perhaps even the chance to establish a mentorship. If you’re the type of student that does your best work with the help of accessible and supportive instruction, you’re probably a synchronous learner.

What are the disadvantages of synchronous learning?

• Rigid Schedule

If you’ve chosen online learning because of your hectic and unpredictable work schedule, synchronous learning may present you with some challenges. The defining characteristic of this learning experience is its adherence to a set schedule. Lectures and class discussions will take place at established meeting times. If your job as a registered nurse keeps you on call at strange hours, or your parenting responsibilities render you fully occupied during the day time, or your hobby as an amateur storm-chaser means that you have to be ready to roll at a moment’s notice, you may have a hard time satisfying your course requirements. If flexibility is the number one reason that you’ve decided to go the online route, make sure you can manage your synchronous learning responsibility around your schedule.

• Technical Difficulties

The above concern is especially pressing if you’re a person on the go. If your work or life requires extensive travel, or at least the kind of mobility that forces you to complete coursework in weird places like coffee shops, airport terminals, and hotel lobbies, you’re probably always carrying a laptop and always searching for a wireless signal. That search could be pretty stressful if you’re desperately trying to log in for a videoconference, lecture, or heaven forbid, an exam. As a synchronous learner, technical difficulties like spotty internet, crashing hard drives, and dying batteries can become anything from an inconvenience to a disaster. Instead of logging in and sitting for your exam, you’re sweating profusely and sputtering profanities at your computer. Who has the time for that?

Synchronous learning is the kind of learning that happens in real time. This means that you, your classmates, and your instructor interact in a specific virtual place, through a specific online medium, at a specific time. In other words, it’s not exactly anywhere, anyhow, anytime. Methods of synchronous online learning include video conferencing, teleconferencing, live chatting, and live-streaming lectures.

What are the advantages of synchronous learning

• Classroom Engagement

If you’re the kind of learner that likes active discussion, immediate feedback, and a personal familiarity that you can only get through real-time interaction, you’re probably a candidate for a synchronous learning experience. This is an especially important distinction if you’re just making the transition from the traditional classroom to an online setting. The personal contact that you get through live videoconferencing, lecture broadcasts or messenger chatting can make it a lot easier to make the transition. Essentially, you can have all the personal engagement of a classroom without getting all sketched out about germs during cold and flu season.

• Dynamic Learning

This experience comes with more than just engagement though. There’s a case to be made that synchronous online learning is simply a superior way to learn, that it allows for a more dynamic exploration of topics, ideas and concepts than is possible in a medium with time lag. Videoconferencing, for instance, makes it possible to ask questions and receive answers mid-lesson; to discourse and debate with classmates at a brisk and exciting pace; to collectively drive a conversation into unexpected new directions. There is a speed and immediacy to synchronous online learning that, at its best, evokes the same level of accountability and engagement as classroom attendance. If you thrive at a swift pace, surrounded by competing and complementary ideas, this is as close as you’ll come to the real thing.

• Instructional Depth

With synchronous online learning, you’ll interact regularly and frequently with your professors. You’ll actually get to know your instructors. This is not just a good way to confirm your instructor’s credibility. It also provides regular opportunity for face-to-face discussion, individual guidance, and perhaps even the chance to establish a mentorship. If you’re the type of student that does your best work with the help of accessible and supportive instruction, you’re probably a synchronous learner.

What are the disadvantages of synchronous learning?

• Rigid Schedule

If you’ve chosen online learning because of your hectic and unpredictable work schedule, synchronous learning may present you with some challenges. The defining characteristic of this learning experience is its adherence to a set schedule. Lectures and class discussions will take place at established meeting times. If your job as a registered nurse keeps you on call at strange hours, or your parenting responsibilities render you fully occupied during the day time, or your hobby as an amateur storm-chaser means that you have to be ready to roll at a moment’s notice, you may have a hard time satisfying your course requirements. If flexibility is the number one reason that you’ve decided to go the online route, make sure you can manage your synchronous learning responsibility around your schedule.

• Technical Difficulties

The above concern is especially pressing if you’re a person on the go. If your work or life requires extensive travel, or at least the kind of mobility that forces you to complete coursework in weird places like coffee shops, airport terminals, and hotel lobbies, you’re probably always carrying a laptop and always searching for a wireless signal. That search could be pretty stressful if you’re desperately trying to log in for a videoconference, lecture, or heaven forbid, an exam. As a synchronous learner, technical difficulties like spotty internet, crashing hard drives, and dying batteries can become anything from an inconvenience to a disaster. Instead of logging in and sitting for your exam, you’re sweating profusely and sputtering profanities at your computer. Who has the time for that?