The soil profile at a site consists of a clay layer 10 m thick, sandwich between two sand layers. The top sand layer has a density of 1.9 Mg/m3 and is 5 m thick. Below this layer is a 10 m thick clay layer with a saturated density of 1.8 Mg/m3 and a saturated water content 42%. The deeper sand layer has a saturated density of 1.9 Mg/m3 and extend to the depth investigated at the site. The water table was detected at the top of the clay layer.

The results of a consolidation test performed on a sample recovered from the mid point of the clay layer indicated the following properties for the clay:

Effective pre-consolidation pressure of 130 kPa;

Compression index Cc = 0.40;

Re-compression index Cr = 0.03; and

Consolidation coefficient Cv = 0.544 * 10-2 cm2/sec.

The site is being proposed to be graded by compacting an additional layer.

The new compacted layer will impose a total stress increment of 75 kPa on the present ground surface. It is desired to obtain the following information:

Estimate the ultimate consolidation settlement due to grading;

Estimate the time in weeks that it will take to reach the average degree of consolidation Uave = 90%; and

At the time calculated in 2.), estimate the excess pore pressure still present at the mid-point of the clay layer.

The soil profile at a site consists of a clay layer 10 m thick, sandwich between two sand layers. The top sand layer has a density of 1.9 Mg/m³ and is 5 m thick. Below this layer is a 10 m thick clay layer with a saturated density of 1.8 Mg/m³ and a saturated water content 42%. The deeper sand layer has a saturated density of 1.9 Mg/m³ and extend to the depth investigated at the site. The water table was detected at the top of the clay layer.

         The results of a consolidation test performed on a sample recovered from the mid point of the clay layer indicated the following properties for the clay:

1. Effective pre-consolidation pressure of 130 kPa;
2. Compression index C_c = 0.40;
3. Re-compression index C_r = 0.03; and
4. Consolidation coefficient C_v = 0.544 * 10^-2 cm²/sec.

The site is being proposed to be graded by compacting an additional layer.

The new compacted layer will impose a total stress increment of 75 kPa on the present ground surface. It is desired to obtain the following information:

1. Estimate the ultimate consolidation settlement due to grading;
2. Estimate the time in weeks that it will take to reach the average degree of consolidation U_ave= 90%; and
3. At the time calculated in 2.), estimate the excess pore pressure still present at the mid-point of the clay layer.

1. A 3.5 m clear span singly reinforced cantilever beam has a rectangular section of b=300mm and D=500
mm is reinforced with 2 bars of 32 mm diameter and 1 bar of 25mm diameter in the tension zone. The
live load taken by the beam is 19 kN/m. Check if the beam is safe to carry the above load . Use M25
and Fe500.

produce a drawing to show a cross section of track including rails, sleepers and substructure.
• on the drawing identity the requirements for ballast depth and show how the axel loading is distributed throughout the infrastructure.
• interpret the engineering standards applied by the infrastructure controller, and produce a table showing examples of  
different design requirements applicable for line speeds and gross axle tonnage.
• explain the gauging requirements of the track including the interface with OLE and /or DC conductor in terms of rail geometry.
• explain the common failure modes associated with track geometry defects.

1. Define the following terms in structural steel construction:
   1. Falsework
   2. Anchor bolt
   3. Shaking out
   4. Rigging
   5. Column
   6. Beam
   7. Girder
   8. Purlin
   9. Girt
   10. Gusset plate

A 600 mm diameter pipe carrying 0.9 m3/s of oil (RD 0.85) has a 90o bend in the horizontal plane. The loss of head due to the bend is 1 metre of oil and the pressure at the start of the bend is 300kPa. Calculate the magnitude and angle of the resultant force exerted by the oil on the bend.

Could a sluice gate be used as a flow measuring device?

Comment on the performance of the gate as a flow measuring device under both conditions (drowned and free)

Sustainable construction has been high on the agenda of the industry for a number of years. You have been asked to give your view on:

i. Is modern construction sustainable? You must present more than one side to a discussion of this question, finally coming to a conclusion that you support with arguments and with reference to case studies. Your case studies may range in scale and purpose.

ii. How have modern materials improved the sustainability of construction in recent years? You must include in your discussion an explanation of how this has been achieved and how successful this achievement is within the context of global sustainable development.

1) Implementing the Vendor Managed Inventory system allowed a canned soup retailer to:

Obtain a competitive advantage

Acquire new customers

Reduce safety stock

Reengineer non-value-adding processes

Learn a new skill

2)Aini orders sneakers from overseas and sells them to customers in New Zealand. He suspects that some of his overseas suppliers might be using forced labour. He asks the suppliers to acquire a certificate from Social Accountability International, an international body verifying whether organisations follow ethical guidelines. Aini’s action reinforces the _______________ dimension of sustainability.

Economic (Financial)

Societal (People)

International

Environmental

Cultural

Which ASTM (type 1-5) cement is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give reasons for your choices: Construction of a transfer plate with a thickness of 2 metres.

Please develop at least five design notes to be provided in the construction drawing for cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles without permanent casing

a.PM2.5 is a criteria pollutant that can have immense impact to our health and visibility. It is defined using the aerodynamic diameter. But how is this diameter being defined, i.e. what is the definition of aerodynamic diameter?

b. Why is PM2.5 defined using aerodynamic diameter?

c. What is the physical meaning of relaxation time of an atmospheric particle? And explain how the relaxation time is associated with the size of the particles.

d. Impactor and cyclone are commonly used size-selection devices to separate PM2.5 particles from the particle-laden air. Describe with sketches by hands to illustrate how the separation is achieved with the impactor. Please define relaxation time and explain how the particles separated with an impactor using the relaxation time concept. Be reminded to label the sketches clearly.