Questions
(a) In terms of relative strength, put fcd (design strength of concrete), fck (characteristic strength of...

(a) In terms of relative strength, put fcd (design strength of concrete), fck
(characteristic strength of concrete) and fcm (mean strength of
concrete) in order from lowest to highest strength. (3)
(b) Approximately, what is the tensile strength of concrete as a
percentage of its compressive strength? (1)
(c) Draw and name all necessary reinforcement for the simply supported
beam and static loading case shown at Figure 3a. (6)
(d) Recreate the table in Figure 3b in your script books and fill in by
writing “Poor” and “Good” words to describe the property of the
material.

In: Civil Engineering

What document summarizes the financial position of the construction company? Question options: A) Income Summary B)...

What document summarizes the financial position of the construction company?

Question options:

A)

Income Summary

B)

Work in Progress Schedule

C)

Balance Sheet

D)

General Journal

In: Civil Engineering

An oil company wishes to construct a pressurised pipeline of 300 mm diameter to convey freshwater,...

An oil company wishes to construct a pressurised pipeline of 300 mm diameter to convey freshwater, of bulk modulus 2.10x109 N/m2 from a desalination plant to a refinery at a rate of 350 l/s and with a pipe period of 4 seconds. Calculate the corresponding theoretical surge pressure induced within the pipeline by the complete closure of an on-line valve (located at the end of the pipe) in 8 seconds. The valve generates non-uniform retardation of type R = At0.65. The steel pipe has 5 mm thick walls, a Young’s modulus of 2.1x1011 N/m2 and Poisson’s ratio of 0.28. Calculate the pressure transients at the valve in the pipeline, for the first 12 seconds after the valve starts to close. Assume that pipe is longitudinally restrained.

In: Civil Engineering

QUESTION ONE: CASE STUDY Title: Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Kanzo Metropolitan Area, Sikaman Kanzo...

QUESTION ONE: CASE STUDY
Title: Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Kanzo Metropolitan Area, Sikaman
Kanzo is a metropolitan area in Sikaman, a least developed country in West Africa, which has experienced rapid urbanisation over the past six decades. The population of Kanzo in 1965 was 45,000, which tripled in two decades, and further reached 1.2 million in the year 2005. The National Development Planning Council (NDPC), headquartered in Kanzo has estimated that the city’s population surpassed the threshold of 5 million in 2019. City authorities have become worried, considering the current rate of urbanisation pegged at 3 percent per annum. The population growth coupled with the rapid expansion of the city has resulted in an urban sprawl and uncontrolled expansion from the adjourning municipalities. Also, there has been an increased crowding resulting in higher occupancy ratios in existing housing units, and the infilling of vacant plots in existing residential areas. According to the NDPC, over 70 percent of the population of Kanzo live in low income, high density population areas which account for many of the slums in the city and its peripheral environs.
Kanzo generates over 3,000 tons of solid waste per day and only about 60 percent is collected by the waste management organisations contracted through a public private partnership (PPP) arrangement. Of these, the organic waste, made up of kitchen waste including food leftovers, rotten fruits, vegetables, leaves, crop residues, animal excreta and bones constitute 65-70% whiles industrial waste made up of plastics, glass, metals, and paper account for the remaining 30-35%. The high organic and moisture contents left in the open at prevailing high temperatures require frequent removals, which place additional burden on an over strained collection system. Experts have warned that the delays and inefficiencies in the solid waste collection system in Kanzo, is what has accounted for the high incidence of cholera, typhoid fever, malaria, and other health hazards witnessed in the metropolis. Especially in low income areas where the waste is not segregated but mixed due to inadequate sanitation facilities, the problem becomes more compounded.
The lack of proper land use planning in Kanzo, also hinders effective sanitation and waste management practices. As reported in the April 9, 2019 edition of the Daily Mail Newspaper, the lack of comprehensive planning, the absence of planning controls, week enforcement of bye-laws, indiscipline, difficulty to apply service charges, limited number of waste management organisations, and the lack of an adequate and well maintained infrastructure in the urban, and industrial development processes is responsible Kanzo’s environmental problems. The publication further outlines that the poor layouts, untarred and narrow nature of the road networks particularly in slums, make it difficult for waste collection vehicles to reach some parts of the city compound the situation. This uncontrolled urbanisation has resulted in an increase in the average travel distance to be covered by collection vehicles and additional cost to waste management.
In January, 2020, resident associations from all sub-metropolitan areas of Kanzo staged a mammoth demonstration at the city centre and presented a petition to the Office of the Mayor of Kanzo, Dr. E.M Hygiene, to express their concerns on the unsustainable manner and poor solid waste management system, as well as the environmental risks associated with the practice.
REQUIRED:
i. Identify any four (4) major causes of the poor solid waste management and sanitation problems
confronting the Kanzo Metropolitan Area.

In: Civil Engineering

What sort of actions could the company has undertaken to protect the 3rd party audit ?...

What sort of actions could the company has undertaken to protect the 3rd party audit ? and What detail should you provide to OSHA when discussing the audit findings?

In: Civil Engineering

Q1. For the given velocity distribution in a pipe:    where v(r)=velocity at a distance r...

Q1. For the given velocity distribution in a pipe:

  


where v(r)=velocity at a distance r from the centerline of the pipe, V0=centerline velocity, and R=radius of the pipe. Find the average velocity, energy and momentum correction factors.

In: Civil Engineering

(15 pts) List five different advantages of composite materials over conventional materials. (15 pts) Calculate the...

  1. (15 pts) List five different advantages of composite materials over conventional materials.
  2. (15 pts) Calculate the modulus of elasticity of a fiber-reinforced polymer composite under isostrain condition if the composite consists of 35% fibers and 65% polymer by volume. Also, calculate the percentage of load carried by the fibers. The modulus of elasticity of the fibers and the polymer are 345 GPa and 3.5 GPa, respectively .
  3. (20 Pts) A fiberglass composite consists of epoxy matrix reinforced with randomly oriented and uniformly distributed E-glass fibers. The modulus of elasticity of the glass fibers and the epoxy are 70 GPa and 6 GPa, respectively. Calculate the modulus of elasticity of the fiberglass if the volume percentage of fibers is (a) 25%, (b) 50%, and (c) 75%. Plot a graph showing the relationship between the modulus of elasticity of the fiberglass and the percent of fibers. Comment on the effect of the percent of glass fibers on the modulus of elasticity of fiberglass.
  4. (30 pts) A short reinforced concrete column is subjected to a 1000 kN axial compressive load. The moduli of elasticity of plain concrete and steel are 25 GPa and 207 GPa, respectively, and the cross-sectional area of steel is 2% of that of the reinforced concrete. Considering the column as a structural member made of a composite material and subjected to load parallel to the steel rebars, calculate the following:

a. the modulus of elasticity of the reinforced concrete

b. the load carried by each of the steel and plain concrete

c. the minimum required cross-sectional area of the column given that the allowable compressive stress of plain concrete is 20 MPa and that the allowable compressive stress of plain concrete will be reached before that of steel.

d. Plot the stress-strain behavior for the steel fiber, concrete and composite on the same plot.

In: Civil Engineering

5. You are planning a water supply scheme in an area where you have both surface...

5. You are planning a water supply scheme in an area where you have both surface and sub-surface water resources. Disucss the factors which you will take into account to seclect one of the soruces for your scheme/project.

In: Civil Engineering

Two fuel storage tanks will be placed at an oil refinery near Bakersfield. The tanks are...

Two fuel storage tanks will be placed at an oil refinery near Bakersfield. The tanks are 10 m in diameter, are spaced center-to-center at 15 m, and contain fuel that has a Gs=0.95. The height of the fuel in the tanks is 4 m. Determine the stress change in the soil below the tanks at 4 locations: a) beneath the centerline between the tanks, b) beneath the edge closest to the other tank, c) beneath the center of one tank, and d) beneath the far edge of the tank. These calculation need to be carried out for a depth of 10 m. Assume the base of the tanks rests on the ground surface (no embedment), that the water table is very deep, and the unit weight is 18 kN/m3 .

In: Civil Engineering

A crossing track was constructed over a water channel with a total length of 1700 m...

A crossing track was constructed over a water channel with a total length of 1700 m and width of 40 m. If you know that the maximum flow that can be carried by the water channel is 400 m3/s over a 25-year storm event. Calculate:


a. The probability that the crossing track will flood next year.

b. The probability that the crossing track will flood at least once in the next 12 years.

c. The probability that the crossing track will not flood in the next 12 years.

d. The probability that the crossing track will flood exactly 5 times in the next 12 years. e. The probability that the crossing track will flood at least three times in the next 250 years.

In: Civil Engineering

A single-storey brick veneer house (single layer of brick on a timber frame) has a front...

A single-storey brick veneer house (single layer of brick on a timber frame) has a front corner lounge-room with a floorplan measuring 4.0 m by 3.8 m. The ceiling is 3.0 m high. The building fabric of the two exterior walls comprises a 12 mm thick layer of plaster, a 100 mm air gap and the exterior house bricks (110 mm thick). One of these walls has a window measuring 2.7 m wide by 1.35 m high, featuring a 3-mm thick glass pane installed in the mid-1950s. The floor is carpet over 19 mm thick pine floorboards, and the house is on stumps with a ventilated air gap between the ground and the floorboards. The ceiling is 12 mm plasterboard covered with a 50 mm thick layer of loose fill insulation in the roof cavity. This house is located in suburban Melbourne.

Estimate the cost to heat the interior of this room to 21°C all year round using a mid-level residential gas central heating system. Assume the under-floor and roof cavity temperatures are equal to the outside temperature.

In: Civil Engineering

A building company has been awarded the contract to undertake the construction works for a multi-storey...

A building company has been awarded the contract to undertake the construction works for a multi-storey office project in a city centre location. A deep basement is to be installed under one half of the building, within a layer of dense gravel.

The site is surrounded by public roads and buildings on all sides and it is expected that the water table is extremely close to the ground surface on a year-round basis.

You have been asked by the contractor to advise their company with regard to a number of issues on the project, in advance of the construction works.

  1. (a) What details would you provide to the contractor in relation to the options and methods available to dewater the soil on the project, to facilitate both the basement construction and trench excavations for utility ducting installation on the site? How would the range of dewatering methods be combined to produce a suitable solution?

  2. (b) Given the basic information available in relation to the location and ground conditions on this site, describe the particular options that you would recommend to the contractor for use on this specific site to assist in supporting the sides of the deep excavations during the basement construction.

In: Civil Engineering

Procedure in lab work (without explanation) with formula to find the given properties of fluid: 1.Density,...

Procedure in lab work (without explanation) with formula to find the given properties of fluid:

1.Density, ρ         

2.Specific Density, γ

3.Specific Gravity, sg

4.Dynamic Viscosity, μ

5.Kinematic Viscosity, η

In: Civil Engineering

Assessment 9.0: Soil Mechanics Produce a 300 word report which identifies the cause and effect of...

Assessment 9.0: Soil Mechanics Produce a 300 word report which identifies the cause and effect of slips in embankments and cuttings and the affect it might have on safety of the line. The report should include the theory behind soil mechanics – soil saturation, subsidence, inappropriate mineral extraction, overloading of embankment by neighbouring construction and subterranean fires. Include a range of potential solutions to embankment stability risks.

Would prefer in Text as don't understand the handwriting on here.

In: Civil Engineering

1. Design a simply supported slab resting on masonry walls of thickness 250mm each with its...

1. Design a simply supported slab resting on masonry walls of thickness 250mm
each with its opposite edges supported (L = 4.75m). Take concrete grade
32MPa; steel grade 500N; permanent load (G) = 1.5kPa; imposed load (Q) =
2kPa; ψs = 0.7 & ψl
= 0.4; γconc = 25kN/m3
; ∆=span/500 (HOMEWORK)

In: Civil Engineering