Sustainable development has become an important part of the lives and aspects of enterprise operations globally and locally. There is a global trend to enhance sustainable practices in all sectors and most especially the construction sectors. In fact, the construction industry is responsible worldwide for the usage of 40% of total energy production, 40% of raw materials and 25% of timber; the use of 16% of water, generates 30- 40% of solid waste and 35-40% of CO2 emissions. The government of Malaysia has introduced the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) to transform the construction industry from 2016 to 2020. It aims to transform the construction industry through four strategic thrusts: Quality, Safety and Professionalism, Environmental Sustainability, Productivity and Internationalisation

please explain

Semiconductors can be either intrinsic or extrinsic, describe the difference between the two. Include in your description p and n type semiconductors and the effect of temperature

The term hardenability refers to the ability of a steel to form martensite by quenching. What factors influence hardenability? Name and describe the test used to determine hardenability.

5) List and explain the three modes of failure in metals. Include a list of all the primary factors that determine the likelihood of failure in each mode

1. Steel tapes must be maintained and checked regularly for damages such as kinks and breakages. If a damaged steel tape is used for measurements describe the type of error(s)that would be observed. (0.5marks)

2. To meet the tolerance required for a surveying project, it is necessary to use a total station. An obstacle makes it impossible to obtain a direct line of sight. Explain one technique that you would use to establish the line of sight past the obstacle. Use a sketch if necessary (0.5marks)

3.Watch the video below which demonstrates the process of transferring levels or elevations.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAN9SAR7RZ4a.

a.Identify all the safety precautions taken by the survey crew.(1 mark)

b.The lead surveyor describes at least four challenges that the survey crew had to overcome during the survey process. Identify these challenges, and describe the errors associated with them. (1 mark)

c.Identify all activities performed by the survey party to ensure accuracy. Classify these activities according to the categories outlined in the Guidelines for Accurate Surveying. (3marks)

4.A surveyor completes a levelling circuit from a known BM at point A ( RL = 37.730 m). At the end of the survey, the surveyor finds out that the rod person moved the graduated staff before a BS value was taken at the third change point. The levels obtained are as follows: 1.857 ( RL = 37.567 m), (0.983, 0.354), 0.571, 1.011, 2.151, (1.124, x), 0.890, (0.543, 3.178), 3.808.

a.Assuming that the misclosure for the level circuit is 0.000 m, find the probable value of the missing BS value x.(2marks)

b.Is the value of x in part (a) acceptable? Explain.(1mark)

c.Book the levels, including the value of x calculated in part (a) using the HPC method and show all arithmetic checks. (1mark)

5.A surveyor conducted a cadastral survey of a property outlined by survey pegs at points A, B, C and D.The total station was used to measure the length of lines AB and DA however due to battery failure, lines BC and CD were measured using asuspended30-metre steel tape. The measurements obtained are given in the table below:

a.If the tape was standardised under a tension of 50 N at 20°C, apply the necessary corrections and compute the actual length of lines BC and CD.(1mark)

b.It is known that angle DAB is 102°15′40′′. After the survey, it is observed that the total station at point A is off the survey peg, coinciding with a point A′such that angle DA′B is 102°26′42′′. Find the length of distance AA′.(2mark)

c.Determine the actual length of lines AB and DA. (2marks)

Take:

Gravitational acceleration,g= 9.81 m/s2

Cross-sectional area of the tape, A= 3.15 mm2

Mass of the tape, m= 0.02 kg/m

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, K= 0.9 × 10–6per °C

Young’s modulus, E= 14.8 × 104MN/mm2

Which impact of COVID-19 has affected infrastructure the most? Why did this occur? What happened? What do you expect in the future relative to this impact?

Question 1 The storage - outflow relationship for a small dam is given in Table 1. The inflow hydrograph for the uncontrolled spillway of this dam is tabulated in Table 2. Determine:

1. the outflow hydrograph from the spillway (fill the table and add more rows if necessary),
2. attenuation, translation, and lengthening in the base time of the outflow hydrograph.
3. Draw inflow and outflow hydrographs on the same figure and show the parameters asked in part b on this figure (draw in Excel and paste it here).
4. Comment on the location of peak discharge of outflow hydrograph, i.e. why is it coincident with the inflow hydrograph?

Hint: Use Table 1 values to obtain S=f(Q).

Table 1

Table 2

1. What are the expected deliverables at each stage of the design process? Matrix form preferred.

-How does strength correlate with other properties of hardened concrete?

-What is the relationship of splitting tensile strength of concrete with its compressive strength?

-What is the significance of splitting tensile test experiment?

-Why plywood strips are used in splitting tensile test?

: Explain in detail: i) wave types in three-dimensional infinite elastic ground medium, ii) change in wave velocities and densities with respect to ground depth.(Earthquake Engineering)

Determine the area in acres of the lot enclosed by the following coordinates. You may use the Area by Coordinates method or the Area by Simple Figures Method.

A (N 575.00, E 112.50), B (N 127.50, E 347.00), C (N 381.50, E 750.00), D (N 673.50, E 651.00)

A horizontal tapering pipe bend of 45 degree, has inlet diameter of 600 mm and outlet diameter of 300 mm. The pressure at its inlet end is 150 KPa and discharge through the bend is 0.5 m3/s. Determine the magnitude of the force exerted by the water on the bend.

Discuss and explain the operational techniques required for the execution of civil works construction works?