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In: Civil Engineering

(b) Answer the following in relation to flow through orifices. (i) Explain why the coefficient of...

(b) Answer the following in relation to flow through orifices. (i) Explain why the coefficient of contraction is included in the discharge equation for flow through a small orifice. [3 marks] (ii) If a small orifice meter with a diameter of 0.016 m discharges flow at a rate of 6 x 10-4 m3 /s under a head of 1.6 m, what is the value of the discharge coefficient? [2 marks] (iii) Explain the hydraulic difference between a small orifice and a large orifice. [2 marks] (c) A 55m long dam wall holds back water that is 175m deep. Calculate: (i) The hydrostatic force exerted by water on the dam. [1.5 marks] (ii) The overturning moment generated about the dam base. [1.5 marks] (d) A block of an unknown material weighs 9.5 N in air and 8.9 N when submerged in water. What is the density of the material? [5 marks]

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