1. Anabelle is a 70-year old female with a history of atrial fibrillation. This condition puts her at risk for an embolic stroke. Her physician prescribed her the “blood thinner” coumadin. Her physician advised her to limit her intake of kale, spinach and similar vegetables. Why was she given this advice? What test must she have routinely done to assure therapeutic levels of this medication. What is the mechanism of action for coumadin?

1) The Granulosa cells secrete *

A) Estrogen and Inhibin

B) Progesterone

C) Testosterone

D) Lutenizing hormone

E) Estrogen only

2) When Estrogen is low (below moderate levels), this causes an increased secretion of? *

A) ADH

B) Prolactin

C) GnRH

D) TRH

E) All the above

3) When Estrogen is low (below moderate levels), this typically occurs during which phase of the female reproductive cycle?

A) Menstruation

B) Preovulation

C) Ovulation

D) Postovulation

E) All the above

4) Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum when the oocyte has been fertilized and will be at high concentration in the blood and urine?

A) Estrogen and Inhibin

B) Progesterone

C) B HCG

D) Lutenizing hormone

E) estrogen only

5) Daily administration of oral contraceptive pills (moderate estrogen levels) will keep FSH and LH at_________________ levels of the females 28 day reproductive cycle?

A) high

B) low

C) remain the same

D) none of the above

E) all of the above

6) This form of birth control is cost effective and prevents sperm from being ejaculated from the male? *

a) tubal ligation

b) vasectomy

c) oral contraceptive pills

d) abstinence

e) all of the above

7) What do interstitial cells secrete?

a) testosterone

b) progesterone

c) estrogen

d) androgen binding protein

e) none of the above are correct

8) A function(s) of the estrogen is:

a) develop follicles

b) develop the lining of the uterus

c) develop the breast of the female

d) develop bone

e) all of the above are correct

9) The lutenizing hormone surge which occurs mid cycle of the females reproductive cycle (menstrual cycle) will cause:

a) the graffian follicle to rupture

b) the primary follicle to rupture

c) the development of primary follicles only

d) the development of breast only

e) all of the above are correct

USE YOUR OWN WORDS,200 WORDS AT LEAST :

Connective tissue is the most diverse of all the tissue types. Why do you think that is?

Why do you think blood and lymph are classified as a type of connective tissue?

Following a CT scan a large lesion can be seen in the periphery of the lower right lobe. The CT scan also shows that there are metastases in the brain and bones. Anna has never smoked.

Using the information decide which NSCLC lung cancer type is most likely for Anna.

How do neurons in the oculomotor nuclei signal amplitude versus direction of an eye movement?

Four months later, while eating dinner with her family, Mary felt a stabbing pain in her upper jaw and teeth that radiated out to the side of her nose. Over the next several days, she experienced several more episodes of this intense pain. A visit to the dentist revealed no abnormalities and she was referred to her doctor for an evaluation. Before visiting the doctor, she noticed that the symptoms were subsiding as they had previously, and she treated the pain with two daily doses of acetaminophen (1000 mg). Mary was symptom free for several months and was feeling herself again.

1) Using what you know about the neuroanatomy of this affected region, describe what nerve is involved (hint: this is a complex nerve, so be specific regarding the part that is affected) a. ORIGIN : Where does the nerve originate from? b. COURSE: What is the course of this nerve (what structures does it pass by and/or through?) c. FUNCTION: What is the normal function of this nerve?

Discuss strategies to improve learning styles for a kinesthetic learner; comment on brain structures and cranial nerves involved.

Choose whether the following blood vessels constricted, dilated, or remained the same as exercise began.

a. Arterioles supplying blood to the skeletal muscles will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

b. Arterioles supplying blood to the kidneys will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

c. Arterioles supplying blood to the skin will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

d. Arterioles supplying blood to the cardiac muscle will be(constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

e. Veins carrying blood back from the legs will be( constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

1. Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.

2. Describe the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

3. Describe the three types of arteries based on structure and function.

4. What are the three main arterial sense organs, what do they sense, and where are they found?

5. Describe the differences between a continuous capillary, a fenestrated capillary and a sinusoid.

6. What are precapillary sphincters?

7. Why are veins called the capacitance vessels?

8. Briefly describe the five type of veins:

   • • • • •

9. What is the simplest and most common circulatory route of blood?

10. What is the portal system, and how does it differ from the simplest circulatory route?

1. What is the coronary circulation?

2. What are the three main branches of the left coronary artery (LCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface (e.g. what part of the heart do they service)?

3. What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery (RCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface?

4. (a) What is a myocardial infarction? (b) What is its cause?

5. What is the medical significance of anastomoses in the coronary arterial system?

6. When do the coronary arteries obtain the greatest amount of blood to supply the heart: during heart contraction or heart relaxation? ___________________________________

7. (a) What are the three major coronary veins that empty into the coronary sinus? (b) Where does the coronary sinus empty the blood?