Question

1. Which of the following contains the highest number of lymphatic nodules:

1. Duodenum.
2. Jejunum.
3. Ileum.
4. None of the above is true.

2. The Synthesis, maintenance and resorption of the Calcified Matrix are performed by:

1. Osteoblasts.
2. Osteocytes.
3. Osteoclasts.
4. All of the above are true.
5. Only a + b are true.

3. Periosteum:

1. Is a specialized Osteogenic connective tissue.
2. Is similar to the Perichondrium that covers Cartilage.
3. Covers the external surface of bone.
4. All of the above are true.
5. Only a + c are true.

Answer 1

1 answer) option C - ileum

Explanation -

Solitary and aggregated lymphatic follicle (peyer's patches) are present in the lamina propria layer of the small intestine.

The solitary follicles become more numerous and the aggregated follicles larger, in proceeding caudally along the small intestine.

So, these lymphatic nodules are numerously present in the ileum, which is the caudal (distal) part of the small intestine.

Option A and B are incorrect -

As duodenum and jejunum are the proximal parts of the small intestine, so these contain less number of lymphatic nodules than ileum.

2.answer) option D - all of the above are true

Explanation -

Osteoblasts are the bone forming cells derived from osteoprogenitor cells,so helps in synthesis of bone (calcified matrix).

These are found in lining growing surfaces of bone.

Osteocytes are the cells of mature bone. They lie in the lacunae of bone.

The functions are-

-To maintain the integrity of the lacunae and canal, and thus keep open the channels for diffusion of nutrition through bone.

- Removal or deposition of matrix and of calcium when required.

Osteoclasts are the bone removing cells. They are found in relation to surfaces where bone removal is taking place.

They helpful in reabsorption of bone matrix.

3.answer) option D - all of the above are true

Explanation -

Periosteum consists of two layers, outer and inner.

The outer layer is a fibrous membrane.

The inner layer is acellular (devoid of cells).

In young bones, the inner layer contains numerous osteoblasts, and is called the osteogenic layer.

So periosteum is a specialized osteogenic connective tissue.

Periosteum is similar to perichondrium as periosteum lies the bone and perichondrium lies the cartilage of developing bone.

It also contains 2 layers like periosteum.

Outer layer of perichondrium is fibrous layer and inner layer is chondrogenic layer.

The external surface od the bone is covered by a membrane called periosteum.

Periosteum is richly supplied with blood.

Many vessels from the periosteum enter the bone and help to supply it.