Describe Type 1 diabetes in terms of the adaptive immune response that mediates it and what effect the autoimmune disease can have on the host.

Questions about Cellular Neurobiology

1. Be able to draw a growth cone and the key cytoskeletal structures within that we have discussed in class. What are the key properties of actin vs microtubules, and what about these properties makes them appropriate for their respective roles in neuronal growth cones (or neurons more generally)?

What is the difference between a stabilizing force and dislocating force? At what angle of pull does the stabilizing force become a dislocating force? Why? For full credit, draw the free body diagrams and equations of force or moment to support your answer.

Calcium is released and sequestered differently in Skeletal and Cardiac muscles. Why are the differences important physiologically in relation to the purpose of those types of muscles?

Questions about Cellular Neurobiology

8. Why might one observe differences in the results of in vitro vs. in vivo experiments?

1. Define blood doping. Be sure to explain what is occurring from a physiological standpoint in both normal individuals and those who blood dope.

2. Provide the potential benefits and risks associated with blood doping.

3. What are your personal opinions on blood doping? Explain why you have that opinion and what experiences or logic has led to the formation of your opinion.

4. Blood doping is only banned in specific sports. Professional athletics such as basketball in the USA do not test for blood doping. Should they? Or is blood doping only impermissible in certain contexts? Explain your logic.

1. What changes occur to the cardiovascular system as a result of endurance training in adults? (8 different adaptations and consequences).

2. What changes occur to the muscular system after strength training in adults? Be sure to include changes in muscle size, metabolic adaptations, neural adaptations, and effects on muscle fiber number. (minimum 4 changes).

3. Define the principles of specificity, training variables, overload, individualization, periodization, and reversibility in exercise prescriptions.

This is my Health and Kinesiology class homework, but I am so lost right now and I need help!

Which of the following are ways CO2 is transported in the blood?

• A. As bicarbonate (HCO3–)

• B. As dissolved C02 in plasma

• C. As carbaminohemoglobin

• D. All of the above

• E. None of the above

Describe the Gate Theory of Pain. Do you agree or disagree with this theory? Why or why not?

How do you interpret the following statement: “The eye is considered by some to be an extension of the brain because of the complex structure of the retina and the huge amount of neural processing that occurs at the retinal level.” 400 words min

A nurse is caring for a patient with anoxia (lack of oxygen) to the brain because of a drug overdose. The patient is unresponsive to external stimuli (pressure, pain, speaking to the patient). The patient is mechanically intubated to provide oxygen and ventilation support. What are the potential complications of altered brain function? Provide three examples of brain function and the altered effects on the body's systems (what happens when brain function is not working properly). Explain how this occurs (pathophysiology) and discuss why each is a problem. What are the differences between decerebrate and decorticate posturing?

1) Starting from deoxygenated blood returning to the heart, place the following steps in order as blood passes through the heart:

      -       1.       2.       3.       4.       5.       6.       7.         

blood passes through the tricuspid valve   

blood exits the left ventricle via the aortic valve

oxygenated blood enters the heart via the pulmonary veins

blood is carried to the body via the aorta

blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle

blood enters the right atrium

blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve

2)

Which of the following is correct regarding the cardiovascular system?

3)

The main difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit of the heart is that in the pulmonary circuit:

1. How are sound waves transmitted through the outer, middle, and inner ears?

2. Distinguish between the osseous and membranous labyrinths.

3. Describe the spiral organ.