One of the objects in your visual field is a ball that is round, red, and moving. Describe the steps involved in being able to see the ball and identify it as a ball that is round, red, and moving. In other words, describe the pathway through the visual system (the eye, the optic nerve, and the parts of the brain) that the information travels before you can identify the object as a ball that is round, red, and moving.

The zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947. The virus is transmitted from person to person by a bite from a mosquito. It is commonly carried by the Aedes mosquito which is prevalent throughout Central Africa. The virus has more recently spread to the Americas (South, Central, and now North) and is expected to spread to Europe. There is a concern that the virus may reach epidemic proportions. Zika virus is related to yellow and dengue fever. Common symptoms are low grade fever and a distinctive skin rash and other symptoms include vomiting, headache, and muscle and/or joint pain. Pregnant women should avoid traveling to areas known to have zika virus present because the virus is known to cause microcephaly and developmental difficulties related to the central nervous system.

Based on the paragraph above, class discussions, and other VALID (be careful with your selection of e-materials! CDC – Center for Disease Control is a good place to start) sources of information please answer the following questions.

1. State a reason why the virus has spread to the Americas and likely to spread to Europe.

2. Define the term microcephaly.

3. What bones of the fetal skull would be affected by zika?

4. Specifically, what area of the CNS is not fully developed in microcephalic individuals.

5. In 1 -3 sentences describe the developmental difficulties of microcephalic individuals.

6. How does one know if they have contracted zika?

7. Do men need to be concerned about contracting zika?

8. How does one avoid contracting zika?

9. In a short paragraph (2-5 sentences!) provide one example of a scientific measure that could possibly control the spread of zika and explain how the measure works (controls the spread).

Thirty-five-year-old Jane recently began "working out" and jogs three times a week. After her jog, she is breathless and her muscles ache.

From your understanding of muscle physiology, describe what has happened inside Maggie's skeletal muscle cells. How do her muscle cells recover from this?

a) Compare glycolitic pathway with;
1) aerobic glycolysis in blood stream trypanosomes.
2) hydrogenosomal pathway in trichomonads.

b) explain hormone receptors and their abnormalities.
c) describe disorders of parathyroid glands.

A veterinary technician was bitten by a neurological horse while assisting the veterinarian on a farm call. The horse died and was found to be positive for raccoon variant rabies. The technician received pre-exposure prophylaxis 15 years ago. How should the technician be treated? Begin your answer from when the bite occurs. Discuss your reasoning using specific information about rabies pathogenesis and epidemiology, as well as NASPHV recommendations and ACIP guidelines.

Although research has identified milestones in language development, children exhibit lots of individual variation. Briefly describe the pros and cons of knowing language development norms?

Describe some of the methods/techniques used to identify astrocytes versus other cell types. Explain why cell culture is a robust tool for studying astrocyte biology.

How is the cardiomyocyte structure important in heart structure and function? How are the anatomical fetures of the heart involved in the essential function of the heart pumping blood? What can specific defects in the anatomy of the heart affect its function?

Describe why CO2 increases during exercise.

Which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?

Multiple Choice

• Movement of embryo through uterine tube

• Filtration

• Absorption

• Secretion of mucus

• Movement of egg through uterine tube

How does the difference in allelic frequencies between two starting populations affect the changes in frequencies over time?

Apply Value Based Healthcare steps and principles to solve the following problem in 2020.

You are the manager of ALL health services in a district.
Measles and malnutrition are high priority morbidity in your area of accountability. (Note that young, malnourished kids can die if they contract measles)
Develop a solution to measles (you already have a plan for malnutrition) as a problem through a measles immunization campaign using Value Based Care.

describe the emerging practice area