the function of the lumbiricals in the foot is similar to their counterparts in the hand. Use this information to determine the function of these muscles 210 (12)

How did the spirit of Manifest Destiny and federal policies guide the outcome of Native American tribes on the Great Plains and west of the Great Plains? 

How do you think immigration policies today facilitate immigration to the United States?

1. Define electrochemical gradient
2. Describe the electric, chemical, and electrochemical forces that determine Na+ Ion movement
3. Describe the electric, chemical, and electrochemical forces that determine K+ Ion movement
4. Which ion will move faster across the membrane based on its electrochemical gradient?
5. How can the cell change how permeable it is to an ion? (Critical thinking opportunity)
6. Define the chemical gradient
7. How will ions want to move? Down/with or up/against the gradient?
8. What primary active transport is essential to establishing and maintaining the chemical gradient?
9. Discuss the ways Na+ and K+ can move across the membrane.

1. Define Channels, Carriers, and Pumps

2. Define Leak vs Gated Channel

3. Define conformational change

4. Define Ligand/Chemically-gated, Voltage-gated, and Mechanically-gated

5. Recognize the types of transport from the names of transport proteins used

6 Compare and contrast between all types of membrane transport

Explain the process of protein synthesis in detail and how it links to making mRNA

Standing in full upright position a patient goes into a squatting motion, which of the following are True or false? Explain your answers (Assume that gravity is not considered)

a) The quadricep muscles are eccentrically contracting.

b) The rectus femoris is in a maximally elongated position at the end of this motion.

c) The semitendinosus and semimembranosus are maximally shortened at the beginning of this motion.

d) The biceps femoris—short head is strongly activated throughout this motion.

Consider the direction of collagen and elastin in various connective tissues. Also consider the amount of ground substance containing GAG's and proteoglycans.

Answer the questions below regarding: Dense regular connective tissue,

• Considering the amount of collagen fibers vs elastic fibers, does the tissue you have chosen allow for a lot of distraction and does it rebound to its original shape, or does it simply prevent stretching of the tissue?

3) Determine which of the following positions have the greatest amount of active hip flexion available?

a) Hip Flexion with the knee in a flexed position.

b) Hip flexion with the knee in a fully extended position.

c) Which scenario resulted in less range of motion?

Explain your answer in terms of:

1) Active insufficiency.

2) Passive insufficiency.

You’re working with a throwing athlete who's recently had rotator cuff surgery and a total of 12 PT sessions. Your referral pad suggests gradual strengthening and stretching over 3 months. By then the athlete wants to be on a basic strength routine to get back to their pre-season training program. List the ROM exercises, modified strength exercises and routine you’d use for this athlete. Site examples from the literature of at least 2 programs for athletes following a published training format.

What accounts for the difference in appearance between lead 2 and lead AVR on an EKG? Explain the answer in relation to the hexaxial limb lead reference system.

Matching the following term or terms if applicable to pituitary dwarfism:

a.) too much parathyroid hormone
b.) not enough parathyroid hormone
c.) too much thyroid hormone
d.) not enough thyroid hormone
ab) too many glucocorticoids
ac) not enough glucocorticoids
ad) too much hGH during childhood
ae) not enough hGH during childhood
bc) too much hGH during adulthood
bd) not enough hGH during adulthood

Choose a specific sports injury and locate a current (within the past 5 years) scientific or news item which discusses a certain aspect of that injury, such as treatment, prevention strategies, risk factors, trends in injury rates, etc.  Provide a summary of the article as well as your perspective (for example, if you are reviewing an article about a prevention strategy, how practical do you think the strategy in the article would be, compared to other options available.)

Pubmed is an excellent resource for health-related articles. Other options include publications such as the Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, USA Today, etc.

Mr B – an elite Australian Rules Football player presents with patella-femoral pain on the left side. It is aggravated by running and kicking as well as when he does squats as part of his gym program. Outline the biarticular muscles and structures you could assess that may play a role in the cause of his knee pain, stating the muscle length tests you would perform for these muscles and detailing the combination of hip and knee movements that would result in an effective length test and stretching program for him.

A patient goes to the gynecologist's office after finding a lump in her breast. A mammogram is performed and a tumor is found. Prior to the mammogram, the nurse questions the patient about other family members that have been diagnosed with breast cancer. What is the rationale for this question and what is its significance? Descibe the term carcinoma in situ. Explain how grading and staging of tumors is determined. How does staging of tumors affect treatment options? What are the benefits of breast cancer screenings and early detection?

Explain in detail how the movements of the diaphragm and ribs draw air into the lungs during the inhalation phase of the respiratory cycle during quiet breathing. Include in your answer the effects on intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures and how these effects cause air to move into the lungs.