A patient taken to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. The nurse observed that she exhibits the following signs and symptoms: Polyuria, Ketosis, Polydipsia. The laboratory results of her routine urinalysis are as follows:

• COLOR: Yellow
• KETONES: 4+
• CLARITY: Clear
• BLOOD: Negative
• SP. GRAVITY: 1.015
• BILIRUBIN: Negative
• pH: 5.0
• PROTEIN: 2 mg/dL
• GLUCOSE: 186 mg/dL

Questions:

1. What would be the metabolic disorder associated with the patient? (1 point)
2. Explain the increase of ketone bodies in the urine. (2 points)
3. What test can be used to detect presence of Glucose in urine? Explain. (2 points)
4. What test can be used to detect presence of Protein in urine? Explain. (2 points)
5. How can you differentiate Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus? (3 points)

Which could result in fatigue by hindering the binding of Ca⁺⁺ to troponin?

Select one:

a. calcium

b. lactate

c. AMP

d. low pH

e. potassium

A 90 kg person is pedaling a Monark leg ergometer (distance = 6m) at a VO2 of 40 ml/kg/min. If their rpms are 70, what resistance are they pedaling against?

Select one:

a. 1.8 kg

b. 3.9 kg

c. 3.2 kg

d. 2.6 kg

e. 4.2 kg

Chronic kidney disease can also cause respiratory disorders including pulmonary edema, which causes the alveoli to fill with fluid.

• How would the chronic kidney disease cause pulmonary edema? (Make sure to consider fluid balance by the kidney and include any hormones involved.)

• Explain how pulmonary edema would affect gas exchange. (Make sure to include respiratory volume terminology and lung compliance in your discussion of gas exchange.)

1.Which of the following characterizes a relative polycythemia? There may be more than one answer. Select one or more: a. A type of polycythemia that promotes erythropoiesis; therefore, increases the number of circulating erythrocytes above normal. b. A type of polycythemia that does not promote erythropoiesis but increases the number of circulating erythrocytes above normal. c. Hypovolemic shock d. Anemia e. High altitude

2.What is TRUE about diabetes? There may be more than one answer. Select one or more: a. Type I diabetes mellitus is insulin deficiency while Type II diabetes mellitus is insulin-resistant diabetes. b. Exercise and weight loss are therapies for both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus. c. Diabetes insipidus is due to lack of anti-diuretic hormone that results in large production of "flat" urine. d. During fasting, a diabetic patient has a plasma glucose of 65-70mg/dL. e. Type I diabetes mellitus is a juvenile-onset diabetes that develops during childhood. f. Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus will result in abnormally elevated blood glucose concentrations and will affect blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nervous system. g. Type I diabetes accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes while Type II diabetes accounts for 10%. h. Insulin injection is a therapy for Type I diabetes mellitus. Type I promotes the production of ketone bodies and promote the production of "sweet" urine.

1. Which of the following describes an endocytosis? There may be more than one answer.

Select one or more:

a. A cell engulfs a bacterium by pushing its cell membrane around the bacterium forming a phagosome that will pinched off from the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm.

b. Specific solutes accumulate along an indented cell membrane that will form into an endosome and it will pinch off from the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm.

c. A process that transports molecules outside the cell via fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane.

d. A pinocytosis is an uptake of a non-selective materials, like the extracellular fluid, into a cell via endosome that pinches off from the plasma membrane into the intracellular fluid.

e. The process is initiated when an influx of Ca²⁺ interacts with rabs and snares in the intracellular fluid.

2.

What are the characteristics of the red blood cells (RBCs)? There may be more than one answer.

Select one or more:

a. RBCs are circular, flattened, and biconcave cells which transport oxygen from the tissues to the lungs and carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.

b. RBCs lacked nucleus and organelles but contained glycolytic enzymes, carbonic anhydrase, and hemoglobin.

c. RBCs, leukocytes, and platelets are derived from uncommitted pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.

d. Erythropoiesis in adult occurs in the liver, spleen, and all red bone marrow.

e. RBCs live for about 9 days.

1. During laser-tissue interaction, heat is generated. Heat produced will increase the temperature of the tissue. Different temperature stages will give different tissue reaction. Typically, the temperature ranges can be grouped into various stages. Describe the reactions of skin tissues for the following stage:

1. 42 - 45 °C,

2. 50 - 60 °C, and

3. Above 100 °C

estion 14

Which of the following factors would decrease (slow down) diffusion rates?

Please explain sitting on a chair and standing up on how biomechanically the following phases work

Standing-

Squating down -

Sitting down-

Standing up-

How does sitting on a chair and standing up work Mechanical and Anatomical? ( use anatomy)

Describe red blood cell count, percentage of reticulocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration as it relates to the diagnosis of anemia.

• Discuss laboratory tests for red blood cells.

Summarize the different types of hematomas that can occur in the brain.

• Describe epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, and traumatic intracerebral hematomas.

How is the stomach secretion being regulated?

2. Where along the cell does a presynaptic input (synapse) have the greatest effect on determining whether a postsynaptic neuron fires an action potential or not?

3.At the resting potential, which ion is a cell most permeable to? Why is the cell most permeable to that ion?

4. Explain why an action potential normally does not flow backwards, toward the cell body. Would it be different if you injected Na+ into the middle of the axon? Why?

Disease Terms Puzzle