Your task is to discuss how does the immune system utilizes the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems to defend the host against invasion of pathogens. 1. An individual finds himself infected by a previously undiscovered pathogen, Transmissio. A.What is the body’s initial response and long term effects?

1i.) What is the hepatic response to malnutrition or fasting?

ii.) What are the consequence of malnutrition and/or fasting?

Past paper question

1.The sympathetic nervous system will do the following except:

a)increase vasodilation in the blood vessels in skeletal muscle
b)increase vasoconstriction in the skin
c)increase vasodilation in the blood vessels in the kidneys
d)increase vasodilation in the blood vessels in cardiac muscles

2.Parasympathetic acetylcholine opens Ca2+channels when regulating hearts.

a)True
b)False

3.Essential hypertension could result from the following except
a)kidney disease resulting in decreased urine production
b)increased salt uptake with reduced ability of kidneys to filter
c)increased sympathetic nerve activity
d)increased total peripheral resistance

4)Oncotic pressure normally helps to draw fluid into
a)interstitial fund
b)venous ends of capillaries
c)arterial ends of capillaries

Differentiate between oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

What is the role of calcium in neurotransmitter release?

Adults with severe anemia will sometimes have yellow marrow convert back to red marrow. What kind of feedback is this and how do you know?

3.sometimes we use them interchangeably but they really are two very different things - salt and sodium. Explain their differences and their impacts on health and particularly hydration and fluid status.

4.What does potassium do and where do we get it?

Please use this discussion to explain Glycolysis how you understand it.

Create a table of the different classes of neurotransmitters. List names of neurotransmitters, their implications in human disease,  and their main functions .

What is a suggested pathological outcome of increased high fructose corn syrup consumption and what is the potential biochemical mechanism? Please detail the metabolism of this nutrient.

Please answer all

1. An adult human and a sheep brain are about the same size.

A. True

B. False

2. Which of the following structure is NOT seen in the sheep brain.

A. Cerebrum

B. Cerebellum

C. Thalamus

D. Corpus callosum

E. All of the above are seen in a sheep brain

3. During sheep brain dissection in the lab, there was lot of bleeding.

A. True

B. False

4. Sheep brain dissected in the lab was covered with the following meninges.

A. Pia mater

B. Arachnoid

C. Dura mater

D. Only ‘a’ and 'b'

E. Only ‘b’ and ‘c’

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sweat glands?

A. They are an exocrine gland.

B. They are found in the dermis.

C. Sweat contains a small amount of salt.

D. Perspiration warms the body.

6. Which of the following sensory receptors does NOT detect touch and pressure?

A. Merkel disc

B. Pacinian corpuscle

C. Ruffini’s corpuscle

D. Meissner’s corpuscle

7. Which of the following statements regarding sensory receptors is NOT true?

A. Sensory receptors in the skin are dendrites of sensory nerves.

B. Sensory receptors of the skin are located in the dermis.

C. The sensory receptors of the skin are all encapsulated.

D. Sensory receptors of the skin are all exteroceptors.

8. Which sensory receptor is incorrectly paired with its sensation?

A. Merkel disc - touch and pressure

B. Meissner’s corpuscle - temperature

C. hair root plexus - hair movement

D. Ruffini’s corpuscle - stretch

9. Which sensory receptor is NOT correctly paired with its location?

A. Pacinian corpuscle - deep in dermis

B. nociceptor - dermis and basal layer of epidermis

C. thermoreceptor - junction of epidermis and dermis

D. Ruffini’s corpuscle - papillary region of dermis

10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? As the density of sensory receptors increases,

A. the distance between being able to feel two points decreases.

B. the ability to accurately locate a sensation decreases.

C. two point discrimination improves.

D. All the above are correct.

11. Which of the following statements regarding adaptation is NOT true?

A. The stimulation is still present.

B. Not all sensory receptors adapt.

C. The sensation disappears.

D. The brain no longer receives a signal.

Question 36

Which of the following will happen as a result of stimulating α1 receptors?

Question 36 options:

Question 47

A hinge joint is a multiaxial joint.

Question 47 options:

Question 48

Opening of voltage gated potassium channels results in hyperpolarization.

Question 48 options:

Question 49

Muscles that control precise movements have large motor units.

Question 49 options:

Question 50

Ligaments are a type of epithelial tissue.

Question 50 options:

Question 51

In general, humans have only five senses.

Question 51 options:

Question 64

Joints with a small ROM are usually

Question 64 options:

Question 81

Pain from gallstones would be transmitted primarily by somatic sensory neurons.

Question 81 options:

Question 84

Opioid medications such as morphine can reduce the perception of sensations initiated by

Question 84 options:

Please answer all 8 questions, thank you so much!

Please explain what cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is, how it is made (structures involved); and discuss its complete circulation (as explained in the lecture). You must reply to at least one student's explanation to receive credit.

What is a neuromuscular junction? List and describe the junction. List and describe the roles of the chemicals involved at that site

why would Streptococcus pyogenes most concerns you?
What prevention strategies exist for your selected disease? add sources