PART 1: (select the correct bold-faced choices)

Glucose is freely ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] at the glomerulus, where it enters the tubule of the nephron. However, all of the glucose entering the nephron is normally ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] at the proximal convoluted tubule via the sodium-glucose co-transporter, which also reabsorbs Na⁺. Glucose is not ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] into the nephron tubule. Because of this, no glucose is ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] in a healthy individual.

PART 2: Why is protein not found normally found in the urine?

A. It is fully absorbed by the digestive system

B. It is 100% reabsorbed by the nephron

C. It is 100% secreted by the nephron

D. It is too large to be filtered

PART 1:  The FEV1/VC ratio is clinically significant because it is an indicator of ["alveolar surface area", "airway resistance", "alveolar pressure", "respiratory rate"] . A healthy individual's FEV1/VC ratio is near ["50%", "80%", "90%", "100%"], while an individual with an obstructive lung disease will likely have a FEV1/VC ratio of less than ["50%", "80%", "90%", "100%"] because of a ["decrease in resistance", "merging", "dilation", "collapsing"] of the small airways.

PART 2: Tidal volume increased after exercise because CO2 production ["increased", "decreased"]  owing to the increased metabolic rate of exercising skeletal muscle. This change in CO2 stimulated the ["peripheral", "central"] ["baroreceptors", "photoreceptors", "osmoreceptrs", "chemoreceptors"] resulting in ["faster", "slower"] and  ["shallower", "deeper"] breathing. As a result of the tidal volume increasing, inspiratory and expiratory volumes both ["significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "did not significantly change"] while vital capacity ["significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "did not significantly change"]. Since total lung capacity is equal to the vital capacity plus residual volume (which is a constant), total lung capacity  ["significantly increased", "significantly decreased", "did not significantly change"]      .

Please explain how each of the following systems would regain homeostasis when a patient is given anesthesia? (If they can/would be able to)

a) Endocrine system

b) Renal system

c) Digestive system

d) Respiratory system

2. Why would a clinician test reflex function? Do hypoactive reflexes indicate damage within the CNS or PNS? Do hyperactive reflexes indicate damage within the CNS or PNS?

6. In regard to a knee jerk reflex test (if you can’t picture it, look it up on youtube) a. Which nerve is being evaluated? Which muscles contract? b. What action occurs at the knee joint? c. Describe, in detail, the nerve pathway involved in this reflex.

describe the characteristics of the odontogenic zone

If Julian jumps 35 cm and weighs 100 kg, what would happen to his power output if he were to do each of the following?

1. Increase his body mass by 2 kg and maintain his 35 cm jump height.
2. Increase his body mass by 2 kg and decrease his vertical jump height by 2 cm.
3. Decrease his body mass by 2 kg and increase his vertical jump height by 1 cm.

Explain how body weight and jump height interact to impact power output.

1. Increase his body mass by 2 kg and maintain his 35 cm jump height.
2. Increase his body mass by 2 kg and decrease his vertical jump height by 2 cm.
3. Decrease his body mass by 2 kg and increase his vertical jump height by 1 cm.

What is the function of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland. Describe how these glands change with age and effects on the body.

Design and submit a concept map on what you have learned. It should include concepts and connections between concepts including:

1. Structure and function of eye
2. Structure and function of ear
3. Structure and function of tongue and taste
4. Structure and function of nose and smell

1. Name and describe the types of synovial joints. What is a fibrous joint. List and explain.

1. Describe the anatomy and physiology of hearing.

2. Describe the anatomy and physiology of taste and smell.

Name one sport/athletic activity that requires athletes to have highly developed/strong muscles that perform arm (glenohumeral) medial rotation.

Important: Briefly explain (1-2 sentences) why athletes performing this activity would require strong muscles for medial rotation.

Briefly describe (2 sentences) what occurs in the sarcomere when calcium is absent and not freely available in the cytoplasm of the muscle cell. In your answer you should include a statement showing your understanding of the role of calcium in muscle contraction

Explain 5 examples of how increasing or decreasing surface area aids the body to maintain homeostasis or to function. Each example should be from a different organ system. Identify the organ system of each of your examples.

What is a neurotransmitter. What is their function. Name the 6 most common neurotransmitters and their function. Explain in detail.