PART 1: (select the correct bold-faced choices) Glucose is freely ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] at the...

PART 1: (select the correct bold-faced choices)

Glucose is freely ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] at the glomerulus, where it enters the tubule of the nephron. However, all of the glucose entering the nephron is normally ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] at the proximal convoluted tubule via the sodium-glucose co-transporter, which also reabsorbs Na⁺. Glucose is not ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] into the nephron tubule. Because of this, no glucose is ["secreted", "filtered", "excreted", "reabsorbed"] in a healthy individual.

PART 2: Why is protein not found normally found in the urine?

A. It is fully absorbed by the digestive system

B. It is 100% reabsorbed by the nephron

C. It is 100% secreted by the nephron

D. It is too large to be filtered

Expert Solution

Part 1 :

Glomerulus is the first part of nephron which is made up of tuft of capillaries.They contain glomerular capillaries in branching and anastamosing position.The total glomerulus is engaged in Bowman's capsule, the blind end of nephron.The glomerular capillary membrane contains 3 major layer - endothelium of capillary , basement membrane and podocytes - which help in filtration
the filtration process at glomerulus is non selective. All molecules other than blood cells and plasma proteins are filtered, because of large molecular size of these protein molecules and also because of negatively charged glomerular membrane
The glucose which is having lower molecular weight thus gets filtered at the glomerulus. Also glucose are positive charge due to the presence of aldehyde group, so they are readily filtered
At PCT, glucose and aminoacids are reabsorbed into the renal epithelial cells by the mechanism of facilitated transport with Na cotransport. They are carried from the renal cells to the peritubular space by facilitated diffusion
Glucose is not secreted into the filtrate, almost all the glucose is reabsorbed at PCT as they are need for the metabolic activity of various organs
As the glucose is not found normally in the filtrate, the resultant urine lacks glucose.Hence normally glucose is not excreted through urine in a healthy individual, if present it is a pathological condition
1. filtered, 2. reabsorbed, 3. secreted, 4. excreted

Part 2:

Usually molecular weight smaller than 70000 are filtered through the urine.Protein is not found normally in the urine as they are too large to be filtrate, as protein molecules are larger in size about more than 70,000 so that they cannot pass through filtration membrane formed by the three layer that is endothelium of blood vessel, epithelium and podocyte of the nephron. One exception is albumin which is having 69,000 molecular weight then also it is not filtred as the albumin is having negative charge so that they undergo electrostatic repulsion
Answer - the protein is too larger to be filtered they are not usually found in the urine

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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