What physiological factors affect strength? What physiological factors affect power? (Provide at least 2 factors for strength and at least 2 for power)
In: Anatomy and Physiology
There are often significant differences in how people respond to the same resistance training program. Provide some reasons for this individual variation within the population.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please included as much detail as possible, thank you!
1. List the six well-established anterior pituitary hormones and their functions.
2. Discuss the relationships between dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
3. List five functions of the respiratory system. List and discuss the three physical properties of the lung that affect its function
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the origin and lifecycle of the red blood cells.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. let's say CFTR (encoding the CFTR Cl- channel) has two alleles: + (which encodes a functional product) and - (which encodes a non-functional product). CFTR is a Cl- transporter expressed in many epithelial cells. LDLR is on chromosome 7. A person with the -/- genotype has Cystic Fibrosis but those with either +/- or +/+ genotypes do not. Which of the following is true?
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a. Cystic Fibrosis is autosomal recessive because a person must have two copies of the "-" allele to express the phenotype |
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b. Cystic Fibrosis is autosomal dominant because the "+" allele is the normal version |
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c. Cystic Fibrosis is autosomal dominant because the "+" allele is the most common in the population |
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d. Cystic Fibrosis is autosomal dominant, because a person must have two copies of the "-" allele to express the phenotype |
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e. Cystic Fibrosis is autosomal recessive because it is the "-" allele that causes the disease |
2.
let's say SLC2A4 (encoding the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4) has two alleles: + (which encodes a functional product) and - (which encodes a non-functional product). If GLUT4 expression is necessary to not have diabetes, which of the following can we definitely conclude? (More than one answer may seem correct but only one answer logically follows the information)
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a. a +/- genotype will have a mild form of diabetes |
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b. a -/- genotype will have diabetes |
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c. a -/- genotype may not have diabetes |
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d. a +/- genotype will have a 50% probability of diabetes |
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e. a +/+ genotype will not have diabetees |
3.
a pretty good definition of a gene is
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a. one of the homologous chromosome inherited from either the egg (mother) or sperm (father) |
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b. a discrete segment of DNA that encodes a functional product |
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c. one of two or more alternative forms of nucleotide that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
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d. the mRNA that is translated into a polypeptide |
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e. the bluprint for the phenotype |
4.
In the chart:
| A | B | C | D |
|---|---|---|---|
| +/+ | 100% functional protein | watery | no disease |
| +/- | 50% functional protein | intermediate | no disease |
| -/- | 0% functional protein | thick | disease |
What is in column A?
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a. different genes |
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b. different phenotypes |
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c. different genotypes |
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d. different loci |
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e. different proteins |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please include as much detail as possible, thank you!
1. What is a surfactant and why is it important?
2. Kate was involved in a ghastly motor accident. Autopsy reports indicated that her brain stem was transected rostral to the medulla oblongata. Can the Coroner rule out cessation of respiration as the cause of death? Why?
3. What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
4. Differentiate between type I and type II diabetes.
5. Both insulin and glucagon are released following the ingestion of a protein meal that raises plasma amino acid levels. Why is the secretion of both hormones necessary?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Order the events for the detection of somatic sensation. Place a
1 by the first event, a 2 by the second and so on.
The central process transmits the action potential to a
second-order sensory neuron in the CNS.
The action potential is transferred to the central process in the
posterior root ganglion.
The stimulus triggers an action potential.
The signal is transferred to other (third order) CNS sensory
neurons for eventual perception and interpretation.
The action potential is propagated along the peripheral process of
the neuron.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
(c) Which parameter related to muscle size and structure determines muscle power? Explain why, and summarise how O’Brien et al. (2009) demonstrate this to be the case in both adults and children, in their study titled “Strong relationships exist between muscle volume, joint power and whole-body external mechanical power in adults and children”. [10 marks]
In: Anatomy and Physiology
(a) Consider the technique of electromyography (EMG) to examine muscle function about joints during movement. Explain where the captured, high frequency raw signal originates, and describe the physiological basis with reference to the relevant parts of the neuromuscular system. [8 marks]
(b) When processing EMG signals, the following terms are frequently encountered in the literature:
(i) Band Pass filtering
(ii) Full wave rectification
(iii) Normalisation to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)
(iv) Median frequency
Please explain what each of these terms mean, and describe their relevance/role in the context of interpreting EMG.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Hip implants have experienced significant design and material changes since their introduction. These changes have led to more successful biomaterials in orthopaedic implants.
Discuss the improvements in ceramic orthopaedic implant materials.
Discuss the mechanical performances of ceramics and why the current materials are more successful than predecessors
In: Anatomy and Physiology
How homeostatic imbalance results in ALS symptoms?
In: Anatomy and Physiology