Question

Describe the following types of angular movements and give examples: flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, lateral and medial excursion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion.

Answer 1

1. Flexion

Decreases angle between articulating joints

From 90 angle out, Raising fist to chest.

2. Extension

Increases the angle between articulating joints

From 90 angle out, dropping fist down to the hip.

3. Hyperextension

When extension occurs past the anatomical position

Bringing head towards chest; bend at the waist to touch toes.

4. Lateral flexion

Occurs when vertebral column bends to the side

Touching your head down to your shoulder.

5. Abduction

Movement away from the longitudinal axis

Raising your arm up from your side, making a 90 angle.

6. Adduction

Movement towards the longitudinal axis

Bringing down the arm to your side.

7. Elevation & depression

When a structure moves in a inferior motion; when a structure moves in a superior motion

Opening the mouth is depress and closing is to elevate.

8. Protraction & retraction

Moving part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane; reverse movement

Moving jaw forward; protract clavicles when crossing arms.

9. Circumduction

Moving in a loop

Moving arm in a circle.

10. Rotation

Turning around the longitudinal axis of the body or limb

Rotating head to look left or right; rotate arm to screw in a lightbulb.

11.Pronation

Moving wrist and hand from palm up to palm down.

12. Supination

Moving wrist and hand from palm down to palm up

Think of how you hold a bowl of soup.

13.Plantar Flexion

ankle extension, the angle between the ankle and the tibia/fibula is increased. The joint that allows you to walk on your tiptoes.

14. Dorsiflexion.

ankle flexion, the angle between the ankle and the bones of the leg is decreased.. The joint that allows you to walk on your HEELS

15. Inversion & Eversion

Twisting motion of the foot so the sole is turned inward; opposite
Think of coupe.