Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

compare neurons and glial cells with respect to structure and function

Expert Solution

GLIAL CELLS

Structurally the glial cells are smaller than the neuron

Glial cells doesnot have projection like dendrite and axon that are present for the neuron

There are different type of glial cells in the nervous system They are

In CNS

1)ASTROCYTE:Astrocyte are present in the cns , they help to bind the neuron with the blood vessel supplying it.

There are two type of Astrocytes

protoplasmic : it is found in the grey matter of the CNS , they are small, thick, highly branched processes.

fibrous : They are long, thin , lightly branched processes,and found in the white matter of teh CNS

2)OLIGODENDROCYTE:They are present in the CNS, and produce a chemical called Myelin , it form the myelin sheath over the Axon of the neuron in the CNS.Myelin help in the fast conduction of the signal by saltatory motion.

3)EPENDYMAL CELL:They are seen in the ventricle of the brain and the Spinal cord and they produces CSF .CSF act as a protective fluid to the brain and spinal cord

In peripheral nervous sytem

1)SCHWAAN CELLS: schwaan cell have same function that of oligodendrocyte. it produces myelin for covering the axon of the peripheral nerves.

2)SATELITE CELL:these cell have same function as that of the astrocyte and they are found along with the autonomic ganglai and help inn regualtion of external environment.

3)Enteric glial cell: found in the enetric nervous system of the digestive system

2)NEURON

Structurally

neuron is the structural unit of the nervosu system.

it contain a cell body with nucleus and 2 processes they are Dendrite and axon

Dendrite help to recieve teh signal to the cellbody

Axon help in the transmission of the impulse from teh cellbody to the axonal terminal.

The junction between the neuron are called synapse

Functionally

Reception , integration,conduction,transmission of electrical activity is teh main function of neuron

Dendrite help in teh reception of signal , cell body help in teh integration of the signal, axpn help in the conduction of the signal and the synapse help in teh transmission of signal

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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