1. As solute is filtered out of the blood and becomes a part of the filtrate within the renal corpuscle, water will be

a. filtered out of the blood as well

b. Reabsorbed to the blood

c. Excreted in smaller amounts

d, Secreted into the renal tubule

2. Which of the following would increase calcium reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule?

a. Consuming a diet high in calcium

b. Break down of bone releasing calcium into the blood

c. A high solute concentration in the blood

d. Calcitonin secretion into the blood

e. Parathyroid hormone secretion into the blood

3. Reabsorption occurs when

a. Filtered solute is transported from the lumen of the renal tubule to the blood of the peritubular capillaries

b. Solute is transported from the blood of the peritubular capillaries to the lumen of the distal convoluted tubule

c. A protein is transported across the glomerular filtration membrane

d. Filtered solute is transported from the glomerular capillaries to the capsular space of the renal corpuscle

e. Solute that has not been filtered is excreted

Amygdala and hippocampus are components of

Which of the following statements describes the Haldane effect?

Select one:

a. Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen decreases the ability of carbon dioxide to bind hemoglobin

b. Decreasing the partial pressure of oxygen increases the ability of carbon dioxide to bind hemoglobin

c. Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen increases the ability of carbon dioxide to bind hemoglobin

d. Both a and b

e. Both b and c

Photoreceptors in the retina secrete a large amount of neurotransmitter in

Carbon dioxide is primarily carried throughout the body...

Select one:

a. By dissolving into plasma

b. By binding to hemoglobin

c. As bicarbonate

d. By binding to myoglobin

e. By dissolving into red blood cells

56 year old lady who was first referred to the hospital complaining of low back pain radiating to the left leg. She noted that her left leg had been more swollen than usual below the knees for the past 4 months, she felt tired all the time and said he muscles felt tender. investigators at this time showed a raised serum calcium (2.73mmol/l) and decreased serum albumin (28g/l). the patient was found to have proteinuria. urinalysis and electrophoresis showed a monoclonal igG band-this is one of the characteristics findings of myeloma. additional investigation showed a proteinuria of 11g/25hrs and decreased creatinine clearance.
-JVP raised
-Oedema of legs and abdominal wall noted.
-pericardial rub present plus other signs suggesting a right pleural effusion.
Investigation:
-chest x-ray confirmed right sided pleural effusion.
-Echocardiography showed moderate left ventricular hypertrophy with poor left ventricle function.
Patient became acutely I'll with hypotension (systolic BP 50mmHg). Patient suffered cardiac arrest afterwords, she was resuscitated, transferred to ICU where she had another cardia arrest from which she could not be resuscitated.
-What do you think the cause of death was?
-What were the signs and symptoms?

Id methods to control fluid intake in someone who has a restriction on the amount of fluids allowed in 24hrs.

Question: A single hormone may initiate different pathways after binding to different receptors on the same cell. Explain how, and give examples?

Question: A child with severe attack of bronchial asthma treated with intramuscular injection of adrenalin. His shortness of breath improved, but he developed increased heart rate and pale skin, explain why this medication improved his asthma, and why and how he developed these side effects? What type of medication do you recommend to use instead of adrenalin to have less side effects?

Q. Discuss the details of secretion, regulation and function on target tissue of hormone Oxytocin.

Criteria for Success: To be successful you will make sure you complete diagrams in a concise manner that clearly explains or represents the anatomy and physiological responses. You also need to make sure to list or provide explanation where necessary or where it is asked in the tasks. A successful submission would be one that covers all questions for each scenarios and while you may need to do some extra research outside of canvas, please do not bring research level diagnostics to these answers. I am looking for your critical analysis of the situation based on what I would expect you to cover in this course.

Case Studies Tasks:

Pauline - Pauline is a middle aged, obese women. She recently began having severe soreness in her abdomen and a lot of nausea. Pauline visited a specialist and the Doctor is leaning towards the diagnosis of pancreatitis due to a blockage. Pauline also happens to consume a diet that is low in protein and high in fat content.

1. Diagram and/or explain the anatomy of where the blockage would occur leading to pancreatitis.
2. What is causing the blockage specifically and why?

Anthony - Anthony lives in Western Washington and is currently staying at home due to Covid-19 Stay Home Stay Safe Order (he does not have the virus). Over the last couple weeks Antonio has experienced increased stress, fatigue, cravings for foods heavy in carbohydrates and fat, and a feeling of despair. Normally Anthony loves to exercise, socialize, and have fun, but lately he is much more likely to just lay down and sleep. His body feels heavy and lethargic and he has little motivation to go outside. Anthony has lived in Western WA for the past 14 months and prior to that he lived in California.

1. What hormone will his adrenal glands produce due to long term stress and how will that production impact his digestive system? In your answer, include a diagram explaining how the hormone will impact which macro-molecules are used for ATP production in Cellular Respiration and where those enter the Cellular Respiration process.
2. How will his decrease in sunshine impact absorption of certain materials in the small intestines and what type of systematic (rest of the body) effects will that have?

Jeffrey - Jeffrey recently decided he was going to change his eating habits and try to lose a significant amount of weight in a short amount of time. Jeff has chosen to decrease his carbohydrate intake to 2 grams/day, decrease his fat intake to near 0, and consume primarily proteins. Concerning Jeffrey, answer the following questions:

1. How will high levels of protein intake impact his GI tract?
2. Diagram the positive feedback loop that occurs in the GI tract that allows the body to begin to digest all of these proteins. Make sure to include all components of this process.

discuss the development of TMJ, its unique features in terms of structure and function and its clinical significance

In the event of a lacerated femoral artery, the rapid loss in blood volume causes a precipitous decline in blood pressure. Describe in detail—from the local/cellular level all the way up to the systemic level—each of the steps both the heart and the kidneys will take to counter this loss in pressure and the downstream effects of each of these steps. Furthermore, many smaller local blood vessels will also be ruptured by the laceration. Describe in detail how these vessels, and the blood flowing into them, will act to limit blood loss.