Question

1. For the four different types of nerves found in the sympathetic division of the ANS, list how the neuronal axons (preganglionic or postganglionic?) exit the spinal cord and associated nearby ganglia. list at least one target organ or structure for each type.

2. A. Describe parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons, taking into account the relative lengths of the fibers, neurotransmitters involved, and receptors that are present at the pre-post ganglionic junctions and postganglionic-target organ junctions

B. Name 5 effects of the flight-or-flight response and 5 effects that target DIFFERENT components than those named for the sympathetic effects of the rest-and-digest response.

Answer 1

1)

sympathetic neurons

Preganglionic Neurons : The pre ganglionic neurons comes out of the spinal cord via ventral roots.After merger of dorsal and ventral roots,spinaql nerve emerges.Sympathetic preganglionic axons leave the spinal nerve via the white rami communicates and enter the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia,which is interconnected chain located on both sides of the vertebral column.

Post ganglionic neurons : Post ganglionic neurons for somatic structures such as sweat glands,piloerector muscles,cutaneous blood vessels and blood vessels of skeletal muscles leaves the para vertebral ganglion in the gray rami communicates and reenter the spinal nerve to supply the target tissues.Postganglionic neurons to head,heart and lungs originate in the cervical or upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia and proceed to the organs of seperate nerves.

2)

The sympathetic neurons response to gright or flight situation when dangerous situation happens.Many components of response are due to direct effects of sympathetic stimulation,secretion of catecholamines from adrenal medulla contributes considerably.