Question

A bacon cheeseburger the size of an average American's face is apt to contain a great many lipids, proteins carbohydrates, dietary fiber, salt, and water. The average American begins shoving said burger the size of their face into said face; what becomes of these many nutrients? Trace the journey of each molecule to their ultimate fates. Be sure to account for: the various types of tissues they will encounter on their journey; all mechanical and chemical digestion which occurs along the way and the locations, processes, molecules, and enzymes involved in this digestion—both directly and indirectly—as well as the cells and organs which produce these molecules and enzymes; the processes by which the molecules are moved from one phase of their journey to another; the cells, structures, organs, and organ regions involved in the absorption (if any) and transport of the digested molecules; and finally, how the body will use each of these molecules once they have been absorbed.

Answer 1

A bacon cheese burge mainly consists of fats, carbohydrates, sugar, which is form of carbohydrate, salt and protein along with small quantity of dietary fiber.

Carbohydrates digestion begins in the mouth, Chewing crumbles the carbohydrate foods into smaller and smaller pieces.The saliva secreted from your salivary glands moistens food as it’s chewed.Saliva releases an enzyme called amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates into sugar.Only about five percent of starches are broken down in the mouth, next the food moves into stomach, here no carbohydrate digestion takes place since the enzymes do not function at the acidic pH prevailing here. the strong peristaltic contractions of the stomach mix the carbohydrates to form chyme.The chyme is gradually expelled into the upper part of the small intestine.In the small intestine pancreas release enzymes, and pancreatic juice which breaks down the chyme into dextrin and maltose.the other enzyme which work are, Sucrase breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose molecules. Maltase breaks the bond between the two glucose units of maltose, and lactase breaks the bond between galactose and glucose.

Once digestion is over glucose is absorbed into the blood stream,in response to glucose in blood, pancreas release insulin so that glucose is transported into the cell, but if excess glucose remains than glucose is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen, and this glycogen is converted to glucose when ever body requires, some amount of glucvose is stored in skeletal muscles also.

Protein, are very large complex molecules that cannot be absorbed from the intestine. To be absorbed, dietary proteins must be digested to small simple molecules like amino acids, which are easily absorbed from the intestine. Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids. Amino acids are joined together by peptides, which are broken by proteases.The food than moves into small intestine, where pancreas releases enzymes and a bicarbonate buffer that reduces the acidity of digested food. This reduction allows more enzymes to work on further breaking down amino acid chains into individual amino acids.

Protein is than absorbed in the small intestine with the help of microville, which are finger like projections, this structure enables large surface area so that proteins can be absorbed in the blood, most of the protein are stored in skletal muscles, remaining few are stored in tissues, organs, etc.

Lipids or Fats, Lipids are large molecules and generally are not water-soluble. Like carbohydrates and protein, lipids are broken into small components for absorption.The first step in the digestion of lipids begins in the mouth as lipids encounter saliva, In the stomach fat is separated from other food substances In the small intestines bile emulsifies fats while enzymes digest them. The intestinal cells absorb the fats.. Fat from food is broken down into fatty acids, which can travel in the blood and be captured by hungry cells. Once the body absorbs fat and if the body does not use fat by way of exercise or increased physical activty these fats gets stored in adipose tissue.

Dietary fiber,  Unlike other food components, such as fats, proteins or carbohydrates , which your body breaks down and absorbs ,fiber isn't digested by your body. Instead, it passes relatively intact through your stomach, small intestine and colon and out of your body.