What type of movement occurs at the following JOINTS during the (1)stance phase, (2) preparatory phase, (3)movement phase, and (4)follow-through phase of a soccer kick?

JOINTS: Cervical, Lumbar, Shoulder Girdle, Shoulder Joint, Elbow, Radioulnar, Wrist, Fingers, Hip, Knee, Ankle/Subtalar, Toes

What contractions occur in each movement? (isometric, concentric, or eccentric)

1. which cells are responsible for blood clotting? name the 3 major steps of blood clotting.

Mary went on a run at the park to get her mind off her busy week. When she went on her run she saw a huge bear. She was in shock and froze, feeling her muscles starting to constrict and finding herself having trouble breathing. When the bear started coming after her she panicked and ran for her life.

1. Which of the following are true of her autonomic nervous system?

A. Mary’s muscles were being innervated by the cranial and sacral region of her sympathetic nervous system.

B. Mary’s ventricle columns of her periaqueductal gray caused her immobility.

C. Cortisol and adrenaline were being released and spread through her body causing the excitation of her muscles and inhibition of her bronchioles.

D. Two are correct.

E. All are correct.

2. As Mary ran away she luckily lost the bear but she ran so fast that she tripped over a log of wood hitting her knee pretty hard and screaming “OUCH.” Which of the following correctly explain her efferent pathways which are taking the information back from her Central Nervous System to her motor neurons?

A. Her somatic motor neurons consist of several neural pathways from the Central Nervous System to innervate the skeletal muscle.

B. Her motor neurons consist of adrenergic receptors on its dendrites/ cell bodies which bind to neurotransmitters, adrenaline or noradrenaline

C. No more than ten of her muscle fibers are innervated per motor neuron.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above.

3. As Mary was on her way home she decided to go to the doctor to make sure she didn’t get an infection from her fall. When she got there the doctor first took her vitals. He told her everything was fine with her leg but when he used a stethoscope to listen to her heartbeat he heard a lub-dub-whistle. Which of the following are correct?

A. Scar tissue has built up in her atrioventricular valve which makes opening of the valve harder.

B. The murmurs of the heart occurs during systole as the heart is ejecting blood during contraction.

C. The blood is moving by what's called turbulent flow.

D. Two are correct.

E. All are correct.

A. For the lateral ventricles, write 2-3 sentences describing:

(i) its location in the brain

(ii) its neurological relationship to nearby structures

(iii) any neurologic disorders associated with its dysfunction.

Drug addicts have excellent memory for their behaviors that result in drug intake. They become addicted because the drugs become associated with positive reward signals. Hypothesize how the anatomical structures you surveyed today work together as a network to mediate this outcome.

A 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation.

a) What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload? Explain why.

b) What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? Explain why. How will her body try to bring her blood pressure back to homeostasis?

Question 16

What occurs in the uterus during the ovarian follicular phase?

Traumatic events can sometimes become over-expressed memories; when these highly detailed memories are recalled, they are vividly re-lived, as if the emotional trauma is being experienced for the first time.

A. What does this suggest about the influence the amygdala has over the hippocampus?

B. For both structures, in your own words, write 2-3 sentences* describing:

1. their location in the brain
2. their neurological relationship to each other and nearby structures
3. any neurologic disorders associated with their dysfunction.

Give the three steps of cellular respiration through which brain cells produce energy. Include mention of the relevant gases.

Compare and contrast the effects of ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH), Calcitriol (vit D3) and Calcitonin on calcium metabolism, phosphate metabolism, and bone growth. What other hormones are involved in bone growth, what bone cells are affected, and how does each type affect bone structure and growth?

Using approximately 400-500 words, describe what happens when the doctor strikes your knee with the rubber hammer tool. What concepts are applied? Where else can a reflex be tested and what nerves are being activated?

Describe the regulation of filtration in the nephron (renal corpuscle) in response to blood pressure, nervous input, hormones, and Tubuloglomerular Feedback. (Be sure to compare activity at the afferent and efferent arterioles.)

Outline the effects and possible causes and treatments for hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism. Outline the complete pathway of Cortisol secretion and control.