Questions
Compare and contrast the physiological (nervous, endocrine, vascular, metabolic) responses triggered by hyperthermia & hypothermia, and...

Compare and contrast the physiological (nervous, endocrine, vascular, metabolic) responses triggered by hyperthermia & hypothermia, and how each response helps to maintain Homeothermy.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

In our first class we discussed integration between the body systems. In your own words, discuss...

In our first class we discussed integration between the body systems. In your own words, discuss each of the body systems and give examples of how the systems are integrated with each other. Please do not just say blood flows through each system, but expand on how a homeostatic imbalance in one system affects another. Again, use examples. Explain how they work together to achieve homeostasis. Use physiology terms learned this semester.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Outline and diagram the effects of Vasopressin (ADH) on the nephron, and how it promotes water...

Outline and diagram the effects of Vasopressin (ADH) on the nephron, and how it promotes water conservation in the kidneys. Be sure to EXPLAIN the cellular mechanisms of action.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

12) Imagine a pulmonary embolus breaking up and entering the pulmonary artery supplying blood to an...

12) Imagine a pulmonary embolus breaking up and entering the pulmonary artery supplying blood to an entire lobe of the left lung, blocking 75% of the pulmonary arterioles in that lobe. Describe the effects on the arterioles and bronchioles in this lobe in response to this event.

13) Elevated potassium levels in the body (hyperkalemia) is a serious condition, resulting in a severely decreased ability for muscle fibers and neurons to reploarize. The adrenal cortex can respond to this. However, very high osmolarity shuts down this response. Explain this incongruity, by describing the response mechanism of the adrenal cortex. (6 pts)

16) ) A vaccine for Coronavirus is likely to take a longer time than imagined, because the most obvious target of the vaccine should be the external spike protein on the envelope of this enveloped virus. The cellular attachment protein on epithelial cells, which the virus binds to for entry into the epithelial cell, is known to be ACE2, a receptor enzyme. Explain why the production of a vaccine targeting the coronavirus spike protein (S1), is not likely to be successful.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

(from The ECG). Explain the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for the variation in resting heart...

(from The ECG). Explain the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for the variation in resting heart rate that occurs during inspiration and expiration.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

describe the reflex homeostatic control mechanism of the gastrointestinal system that occur within phases. Receptors, processing...

describe the reflex homeostatic control mechanism of the gastrointestinal system that occur within phases. Receptors, processing center, and effectors

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Blood 1. If you separate whole blood in a centrifuge, what layers do you get? What...


Blood
1. If you separate whole blood in a centrifuge, what layers do you get? What is contained in each layer (give details)? Give a brief statement as to the function of each thing you find in each layer.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. Explain the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure. 2. List the functions of the...

1. Explain the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure.

2. List the functions of the hormones/enzyme listed below: • Aldosterone • Renin • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

3. Heart failure is when the heart cannot eject enough blood to meet the body’s oxygen and blood demand. Describe what would be the expected response from the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) system in a patient with heart failure.

4. How is RAAS upregulation detrimental to heart failure patients over time?

5. How does the sodium ion influence blood volume and blood pressure?

6. Give three examples of pathologies in which there is an upregulation of RAAS. Next to each one explain your reasoning.

7. How would high levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) affect someone with hypertension?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Barbara Joley was in -a major car accident. When EMS managed to free her from the...

Barbara Joley was in -a major car accident. When EMS managed to free her from the wreckage, she was cyanotic and apneic (not breathing). Her heart was still beating, but her pulse was fast and thready. The emergency medical technician reported that when Barbara was found, her head was cocked at a peculiar angle and it looked like she had a fracture at the level of the C2 vertebra. The following questions refer to these observation

1.What is pneumothorax and why would it cause the right Lung to collapse? Why hasn't the left Lung collapsed?

2.Barbara's cyanosis can best be explained by which of the following?

a. Trauma has caused bleeding under the skin, and the accumulated blood is turning black and blue.

b. Her lungs must be damaged, and as a result, the right side of her heart is sending blood to the body instead of the lungs.

c. The level of C02 in her blood has increased because her breathing has stopped.

d. The level of O2 in her blood has decreased because her breathing has stopped.

3. How do Barbara's recorded injuries relate to the pneumothorax?

a. The pain from her broken ribs is causing her to decrease breathing, so the right Jung is not inflating.

b. Barbara's fractured ribs probably punctured her Jung tissue and allowed air within the Jung to enter the pleural cavity.

c. When the level of 0 2 in the blood decreases, a negative feedback loop involving the central chemoreceptors causes Jung inflation to decrease as well.

d. Her traumatic injury has caused her peripheral chemoreceptors to stop working, so they are not causing her to increase ventilation.

4.The physician inserts a chest tube into the right intrapleural cavity and hooks it up to suction. How might this alleviate the pneumothorax?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

5). Considering that genes can code only for RNA or proteins, how can the synthesis of...

5). Considering that genes can code only for RNA or proteins, how can the synthesis of nonprotein substances such as carbohydrates or steroids be under genetic control?

6). Explain the difference between compact and spongy bone, and describe their spatial relationship to each other.

7). Contrast the actions of acetylcholine (ACh), GABA and norepinephrine at their respective synapses.

8). Compare and contrast the composition and locations of gray and white matter in the spinal cord vs. the brain.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Provide five reasons for why plasma concentrations of a drug taken orally (P.O.) can be significantly...

Provide five reasons for why plasma concentrations of a drug taken orally (P.O.) can be significantly different among individuals taking the same dose. Answers must be detailed, complete sentences, and provide a short example.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

What happens to blood concentration of plasma proteins in an individual with renal disease that results...

What happens to blood concentration of plasma proteins in an individual with renal disease that results in either (a) damage to the filtration membrane or (b) decreased filtration at the filtration membrane? (5 points)

Explain why is it important for a pregnant woman to consult with her physician before using any medication? (2 points)

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Give example of impulse in sport setting

Give example of impulse in sport setting

In: Anatomy and Physiology

If you traced an ovum from the ovary to the uterine cavity, through which of the...

If you traced an ovum from the ovary to the uterine cavity, through which of the following listed spaces or structures would it pass thirdly?

(a) peritoneal cavity

(b) ampulla

(c) infundibulum

(d) isthmus

(e) uterine cavity

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Describe the valves in the heart. Name all four valves and where blow flows coming into...

Describe the valves in the heart. Name all four valves and where blow flows coming into and out of each valve

In: Anatomy and Physiology