Discuss the difference between restrictive and obstructive lung disease, In your answer include any diagnostic criteria used to differentiate between the two and any alterations in lung volumes.

Distending pressure and surface tension are two farces that act upon the alveoli at all times. Outline how these forces are offset in an alveolus at end-expiration and end inspiration?

Explain how impaired or reduced renal function has the potential to impact the functionality of the cardiovascular system?

Q1-Complete the chart using accurate terminology.

Sara is a healthy 20-year-old and is running in an American 5km charity fundraiser. Her body’s demand for oxygen has increased and the amount of carbon dioxide her body is producing has increased. Her respiratory system will play a vital role in ensuring she successfully completes this race. Assume normal physiology and anatomy in addressing the specific questions below.

(word limit for this section: 250)

Sara has started the race and her breathing has settled into a pattern.  

Q2- Explain the mechanical and physiological process happening as she breathes in and out. Include in your answer, the two brain structures that make up the respiratory control centres and the name of the two nerves that regulate the activity of the respiratory muscles in this process

QUESTION THREE [20]

Implementation of any change programme needs to take account of the restraining forces of change. Managers should anticipate some employee resistance and plan for this eventuality in the change strategy (Brown, 2011:171)

3.1 Explain the difference between “overt’ and “covert” resistance and discuss the reasons why change is resisted in organisations. (10)

3.2 Discuss the ways in which resistance to change can be mitigated.

4. Describe the structure and cellular activity of each organelle: ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and centrioles.

5. Explain the structure of glycosomes and lipid droplets.

6. Describe the role of each of the three parts of the nucleus in the control of cellular activities: the nuclear envelope, the nucleolus, and chromatin.

7. List the phases of the cell life cycle, and describe a key event of each phase.

8. Name specific cell types, and relate their overall shape to their specific functions. 9. Compare theories of cell differentiation and aging.

1. Locate the major body cavities and their subdivisions.

2. Name the four quadrants of the abdomen, and identify the visceral organs located within each quadrant.

3. Explain how human tissue is prepared and examined for its microscopic structure.

4. Distinguish tissues viewed by light microscopy from those viewed by electron microscopy.

5. Describe the medical imaging techniques that are used to visualize structures inside the body.

Imagine if you were walking along the beach and cut the bottom of your foot open from a sharp piece of beach debris.

1. Examine the action of a neurotransmitter compared to that of a hormone on the physiology of the heart and blood vessels as a result sustaining this injury.

Differentiate between two types of nephrons found in kidneys

1. How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?
2. Which stimulus is detected by a chemoreceptor?
3. What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?
4. Sheena's B lymphocytes (B cells) produced antibodies to protect her about 3-5 days after she was exposed to a virus. What type of immunity do antibodies provide?
5. What should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?
6. What initiates T cell activation?

1. Where do B cells develop and mature?
2. What are the five basic classes of antibodies?
3. What do Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit?
4. What secretes antibodies?
5. What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus?
6. What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?
7. What can cancer cells release to suppress T cell activity?

1. What causes water to cross capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic?
2. What is the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary?
3. What is blood pressure equivalent to?
4. What is some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries returned to the blood by?
5. What is the outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels?
6. Which neurotransmitter decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

Personal Planning. Critically review the requirements for completing the program and develop a personal plan to complete the course work while balancing other demands (e.g. family, work, and hobbies.) The plan should include:

1. A general description of your overall strategy, as well as
2. A personalized timetable for completing weekly readings, Discussions, and Assignments for this course.

All formed elements in blood are derived from hematopoietic stem cells.

1. If an individual lacked hematopoietic growth factors that allowed for the differentiation of myeloid stem cells into megakaryoblasts, what loss of function will that individual experience?
2. Will introduction of thrombopoietin into the system resolve this individual’s condition? Why or why not?

Discuss the Bohr effect