Question

how we can change our thoughts in the controversial about the evolution and theory?

Answer 1

In 1859, the theory of evolution by natural selection was introduced by Charles Darwin. According to this theory, Evolution by natural selection is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring.

However, this theory did not involve the concept of genetics. The knowledge of genetics did not prevail at that time. Darwin’s theory was merely based on observed the pattern of evolution, but he didn't really know about the mechanism. With the discovery of genes encoding encode different biological or behavioural traits, and passing down from parents to offspring. The incorporation of genetics and Darwin's theory is known as "modern evolutionary synthesis”.

Mutations can be caused by random errors in DNA replication or repair, or by chemical or radiation damage. Hence, preservation and addition of beneficial mutations and rejecting the bad ones guides the evolutionary process through natural selection. Although, natural selection isn't the only mechanism by which organisms evolve. Genes can be transferred from one population to another when organisms migrate or immigrate, a process known as gene flow. And the frequency of certain genes can also change at random, which is called genetic drift.

In spite of the presence of vast evidence, theory of natural selection is questioned and has become a controversy among politicians, religious leaders and school boards. However, the debate is philosophical, not scientific: the scientific community accepts evolution as fact and efforts to sustain the traditional view are almost universally regarded as pseudoscience.

Indeed, evolution is well supported by many examples of changes in various species leading to the diversity of life seen today. So far, no one has been able to demonstrate a better explanation than evolution and natural selection which was given by Darwin.