Question

Our modern synthesis view of evolution is a combination of Darwin's theory of evolution and which of the following principles?

a. Biogeography

b. Genetic inheritance

c. Artificial selection

d. Natural selection

e. Bioremediation The phylogenetic tree that is based on the molecular data for whales indicates that the closest relative to a whale is a _____. a. chimpanzee b. fish c. python d. human e. hippopotamus What is the name of structurally similar features that are not homologous but have similar functions that evolved independently in distantly related organisms? a. Adapted b. Vestigial c. Mutated d. Naturally selected e. Homoplastic Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure found in humans? a. The pelvic girdle b. The femur c. Wisdom teeth d. The ulna e. Phalanges

Answer 1

1. The Modern Synthesis is the fusion of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian theory of natural selection. Also referred as the Neo-Darwinian theory. Natural selection is simply survival of fittest where best-adapted organisms have high survival rate.

Ans. d. Natural Selection.

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2. Hippopotamuses and Whales belong to same Order of Artiodactyla, although they have diverged 40 million years ago. Hence making it the closet relative.

Ans. e. Hippopotamus.

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3. Structurally similar features that are not homologous but have similar functions that evolved independently in distantly related organisms.There are many structures which are quite similar but have entirely different evolutionary ancestors. These structures have converged to perform exact or similar function despite being distantly related. Such structures as analogous or homoplastic structures.

Ans. e. Homoplastic

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4. Vestigial organs or structures are those that have lost its original function through evolution. Although they appear functionless, these structures may retain few functions or may develop new ones. Wisdom teeth or the third molars were the part of large jaws of the early man that helped in grinding the plant tissue. As human diet changed, smaller jaws were naturally selected. Its not only vestigial and possess harm for which it has to be removed by surgery.

Ans. c. Wisdom teeth