Describe the process of protein synthesis starting with DNA in the nucleus and ending with proteins...

Describe the process of protein synthesis starting with DNA in the nucleus and ending with proteins released from the ribosomes. Include the role of the DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and amino acids.

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Expert Solution

translation is the process in which ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is a part of gene expression.

In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell. The ribosome facilitates decoding by inducing the binding of complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codons. The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes through and is "read" by the ribosome.

Translation proceeds in three phases:

Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. The first tRNA is attached at the start codon.
Elongation: The tRNA transfers an amino acid to the tRNA corresponding to the next codon. The ribosome then moves (translocates) to the next mRNA codon to continue the process, creating an amino acid chain.
Termination: When a stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the polypeptide.

queen_honey_blossom answered 6 months ago

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