Question

Explain how a cell builds proteins, beginning with DNA and ending with our final protein product. Why are proteins so important in proper body functioning?

Explain the effects of a substance that interferes with protein synthesis. How would it be harmful to the organism? Be as detailed as possible in your answer!

Answer 1

The process a copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription. The two strands are in opposite polarity and the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyse the polymerisatiOn in only one direction from 5' ->3'.

The promoter is initiation of transcription then elongation will happen where continuous addition of nucleotide take place only uracil is added instead of thymine. Termination where thr RNA synthesis will stop due to terminator factor and get RNA molecule. It undergoes modfication addition of polyA tail in 3' end and 5'cap.

It moves to endoplasmic reticulum where ribosome binds to mRNA and started the translational. mRNA has a codon region where rRNA binds to initiator region. Then tRNA Anticodon region will comes and binds to mRNA and adds the aminoacids. rRNA continuously moves on the mRNA tRNA cones and binds to A site and makes a peptide bond with previously added aminoacids molecules. This elongation continuous until the stop codon. After
reaching the stop codon the releasing factor dissociates complex from mRNA. The protein formation is concluded.

2. The protein is a building block of our body. It is functional part of our cells and present each and every cell of the body cells. It has enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals. Antibody to fight agaist the antigens

3. If protein synthesis is interferes it leads to non functional protein formation. This is defiency of the proteins in the body. For example insulin is a protein if any interferes happen in the formation of insulin it leads to diabetes. Insulin not able to function properly so it leads to disease.