Question

1. Compare and contrast protein synthesis and DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

DNA replication- prokaryotic v/s eukaryotic

1) prokaryotic DNA replication occurs inside the cytoplasm. eukaryotic replication occurs inside the nucleus.

2) single origin of replication v/s multiple origin of replication sites.

3) Dna G makes primer v/s DNA primase (pol alpha) makes primer.

4) three types pol I, II and III v/s 5 types alpha, kappa, gamma, epsilon and delta.

5) pol III is the main enzyme v/s pol delta for leading and pol epsilon for lagging strand synthesis.

6) pol I has 5'-3' exonuclease activity v/s no eukaryotic pol have 5'-3' exonuclease activity.

7) RNA primer removed by pol I v/s primer removed by RNase H.

8) large Okazaki fragments v/s short Okazaki fragments.

9) high processivity (1500-2000 bp/sec) v/s low processivity (100 bp/sec).

10) DNA gyrase required v/s gyrase not required.

11) telomerase absent v/s telomerase present.

prokaryotic v/s eukaryotic protein synthesis-

1) 70 s ribosome v/s 80 s ribosome.

2) transcription and translation are coupled v/s not coupled.

3) polycistronic mRNA v/s monocistronic mRNA.

4) first amino acid is N formyl Methionine v/s first amino acid is Methionine.

5) faster process (20 amino acid /sec) v/s slow process (1 amino acid /sec).

6) 3 initiation factors. v/s 9 initiation factors.

7) two release factors Rf1 and Rf2 v/s one release factor eRF1.