Do you think there is a stigma associated with mentally ill persons today? Why or why not?

The two major bacterial classes (i.e. Gram-positive and Gram-negative) are known to exhibit different sensitivities to antibiotics – for example, vancomycin and simple penicillins exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Explain why Gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to many antibiotics, with specific reference to the differences in the cell wall/membrane structure between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Ethanol metabolism starves the cell of NAD+ and increases production of reactive oxygen species. What will be the effect on TCA cycle, PPP, glycogen metabolism, and beta-oxidation?

What is the primary ecological role of fungi, and what are three fungal interactions with humans?

Germline mutations occur in sperm or egg and are heritable, whereas somatic mutations occur in non-germ cells and are not heritable. Imagine that you are working in a laboratory which is studying on tissue/cell specific mutation pattern. You have all the tools (such as cell culture, imaging, sequencing etc.) and materials (such as genomic DNA, tissue and primary fibroblast cells from a human individuals). By using a NGS analysis please set up experiments/pipeline, including which method/algorithm would you use to map your data and call the somatic and germline mutations. You should focus on the question “How can you distinguish between germline and somatic mutations ?” (Please indicate the steps/methods/algorithms only, No need to indicate the details).

Of the human traits listed below, which are likely to be under the control of a polygenic mode of inheritance? (Chose all that apply.)

a.

color blindness

b.

ABO blood type

c.

skin color

d.

intelligence

e.

height

f.

sickle cell anemia

Case Study 3- Hospital exposure to deadly disease: Risk Assessment and Principles of Toxicology

A man who has been traveling throughout Africa documenting the expansion of individual village/ community water wells has been brought into the ER at Chicago. He has noticed a fever for the last two days and wanted to get back home thinking a rest would do him some good. He goes to the ER because of his fever, extensive body aches, chills, and severe stomach pain. He test negative for the flu and blood work is ordered. He tells the Dr now he has had diarrhea as well as vomiting. After being monitored his eyes redden and he is coughing up blood. ID the contaminate and discuss the dose-response assessment of the identified contaminate

Why do Inhibitors of the PDGF receptor work better in “regression models” as opposed to "prevention models"?

Females of genotype AaBbCc were crossed with males of genotype aabbcc.This resulted in 1000 progeny of the following phenotypes:

a) Calculate the distance between genes A and B.

b) Calculate the distance between genes B and C.

c) Calculate the observed frequency of double crossovers.

d) Calculate the expected frequency of double crossovers.

e) Draw the map of these loci.

describe 10 importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the context of quality assurance.

1, List one vitamin or mineral that was provided MOSTLY or ONLY by animal-based foods. What was the TOP FOOD SOURCE of that vitamin/mineral.

2, List one vitamin or mineral that was provided MOSTLY or ONLY by plant-based foods. What was the TOP FOOD SOURCE of that vitamin/mineral.

3, Based on your analysis of the nutrients provided by your foods, list one food that was exceptionally nutrient dense (review Chapter 2 if unsure what this means)? Explain and support your answer by showing specific data.

4, Do you think it’s realistic to get 100% RDA for each and every nutrient, every day, with food alone? Explain and expand. How COULD you get complete nutrition from food alone? Does variety matter (why or why not)?

List and explain the functions of three different enzymes that participate in DNA replication.

How does DNA polymerase work to proofread a DNA strand?

Determine which of these four peptides is most likely to become a beta sheet.

Met-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ser-Ala-Leu-Glu-Lys-Leu-Ser-Glu

Ala-Glu-Met-Leu-Gln-Lys-Arg-Gly-Cys-Gly-Asp-Glu

Lys-Thr-Val-Ile-Trp-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Ile-Gly

Arg-Ser-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ile-Ala-Glu-Ser

I would like help with the question but also I would like to know what makes a peptide more likely to form a beta sheet over and alpha helix and vice versa.

Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment. Include their hypotheses, experimental design, results, and conclusions.