Question

An invasive plant gets into your garden. It spreads through and out-competes all of you plants, reducing the local diversity. Which principle applies most directly?

		character displacement
		sympatric and allopatric speciation
		random variation and stochasticity
		competitive exclusion principle

A muskrat has a litter of offspring with another muskrat. Then another litter 7 months later, then 4 years later. Which reproductive strategy best applies?

		Parthenogenisis
		Iteroparity
		Semelparity
		Hermaphroditism

During the North American summer, large areas of the Midwest have very high albedo. This is likely because of

		Fruiting plants
		Flooding in plains
		Ice formation in mountains
		Loss of plants in fields

Nesting birds often display this type of distribution or dispersion pattern, often resulting from competition. (For example... how their nests are individually spaced)

		Clumped
		Uniform
		Random
		Linear distribution

The energy from the sun must be directly converted into chemical energy by heterotrophs for living organisms to use it.

		True
		False, it must be converted by chemotrophs
		False, it must be converted by phototrophs

Which of the following is a characteristic of a K-selected species

		High reproductive rate
		Typically found in temporary habitats
		Late sexual maturity
		Minimal parental care

		After the formation of continents one billion years ago, there have been no occurrences of primary succession.
		There is virtually no soil at the start of primary succession, and thus it must be made before many plants can be sustained.
		There is a fast recovery time at the beginning of primary succession.
		It will often be triggered after a fire.

Answer 1

1. (d)Competitive exclusion principle directly applies to the invasive plant because this principle says that even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to elimination of less well adapted species in a competition.

2. The reproductive strategy involved here is (b)Iteroparity-( an organism is iteroparous if it is characterized by multiple reproductive cycles over course of lifetime).

NOTE: Parthenogenesis: it is the reproduction from an ovum without fertilisation.

Semelparity: It states that an organism is semilparous if it is characterized by single reproductive episode.

Hermaphroditism : In this there will be no separate sexes. An organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs is Hermaphroditic.

3. Albedo means a measure of how much light that hits a surrounding is reflected without absorption.High albedo means more reflection .A white surface reflects more and pollution, ozone depletion, deforestation decrease albedo.

So, the ice formation on mountains will be responsible for high albedo.

4.(b)Uniform.

Most nested birds show Clumped distribution- individuals in a population are Clustered together creating some patches with many individuals & some patches with no. Individuals.But this occurs when resources are concentrated at a place not in competition.

Uniform distribution- individuals are spread evenly & it is resulted from interactions between individuals like competitive & territorial.

5. (c) False, it must be converted by phototrophs.

  Because heterotrophs are Consumers not Producers like Plants & algae.