Use the chi-square test for goodness of fit to determine if the data shown below are consistent with an inheritance pattern of simple dominance. Use p = 0.05 for determining significance.

Cross: Aa x Aa

Offspring:

70 dominant phenotype

30 recessive phenotype

A. The data are consistent with a simple dominance pattern of inheritance.

B. The data are not consistent with a simple dominance pattern of inheritance.

Attachment of myelin to the surface of some neurons occurs via the interactions of transmembrane adhesion molecules expressed on the myelin membrane with receptors on the target axons. Several human peripheral neuropathies are associated with mutations in genes encoding theses myelin-associated proteins that disrupt myelin-axon attachment, (1) Explain the symptoms this loss of peripheral myelination might be expected cause and why, given the function of myelin in the nervous system. (2) Propose a hypothesis to explain why only peripheral and not central nervous system symptoms are observed in these diseases.

Since enzymes are essential in cellular function – it’s important to regulate their activity. There are several ways a cell can accomplish such regulation. How do cells regulate enzyme activity? (required minimum length 150 words)

2. ABO Serologic testing for the antigens on the red blood cells is known as:

                        _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ or Cell typing

2. Serological testing for the non-red blood cell stimulated (naturally) occurring ABO antibodies in the patient serum/plasma which are permitted to react with commercial reagent red blood cell suspensions (3-5% for tube and 0.8% for gel) of known A1 antigen red blood cells and B antigen red blood cells.

            This is known as: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or ­­_ _ _ _ typing   

The ____________, which is region closest to the neural tube lumen contains mostly neural stem cells. a. Ventricular zone b. Mantle c. Marginal zone d. All of the above

The role of Voltage Sensitive Na⁺ Channels (VSSC in neuron signaling) is:             

a) Initiation of depolarization   

b) propagation of depolarization       

c) space from an axonal membrane of a neuron to dendrite membrane of next neuron                

d) release of neurotransmitter

ATP production during aerobic respiration is by which mechanism:       

a) substrate level phosphorylation   

b) oxidative-phosphorylation  

c) both substrate-level and oxidative-phosphorylation  

d) This depends upon the temperature

e) this depends upon the pH

ATP production during glycolysis is by which mechanism:

a) substrate-level phosphorylation   

b) oxidative-phosphorylation  

c) both substrate-level  and oxidative-phosphorylation  

d) this depends upon the temperature

e) this depends upon the pH

Which is not a postulate of cell theory:

a) all life is made of cells

b) heredity is controlled by genes

c) all cells come from pre-existing cells   

d) all cells are microscopic  

If a molecule has a molecular weight (mw) of 3,685 daltons (Da), then how many grams are required to make 1.0 mole:

a)  3,685 g   

b) 368.5 g   

c) 36.85 g    

d) 3.7 g

Which of the following correctly matches a component of the cytoskeleton to one of its functions?

a. intermediate filaments contribute to cytoplasmic streaming

b. microtubules move chromosomes during cell division

c. microtubules help muscle cells contract

d. microfilaments form channels called plasmodesmata

e. microfilaments cause ciliary bending

1. Replicate the following segment of DNA

5’ ATC GGC TAC GTT CAC 3’

3’ TAG CCG ATG CAA GTG 5’

A. Show the direction of replication of the new strands and explain what the lagging and leading strands are.

B. Explain how this is semiconservative replication. Are the new strands identical to the original segment of DNA?

For microbiology

1. Explain the meaning of modulus of uniformity of a feedstuff or mixed feed.

2. Explain the meaning and value of feed microscopy in feed manufacturing

Different mechanisms create different types of chromosomal aberrations; for example, nondisjunction can cause ____________, while errors in DNA damage repair may cause ____________.

inversions; trisomy

monoploidy; inversions

inversions; monoploidy

trisomy; monoploidy

monoploidy; trisomy

trisomy; inversions

Using the glyoxylate cycle and other necessary enzymes and co-enzymes, write a balanced equation for the synthesis of oxaloacetate from acetyl-coenzyme A.

Identify two strategies that some bacteria may utilize to survive extreme or less than optimal environments.

If you cut parts off of the lead compound and it keeps losing potency, what can you conclude? If that happens, what do you try next?

And, You cut a piece off of the lead, and the potency drops. When would it be beneficial to continue anyway with this truncated lead?