Describe the maternal age effect associated with down syndrome

how is the sequence specific primer (SSP) PCR and multiplexing method used to analyze HLA type carried out, what are the steps?

Organisms that may be part of the normal bacterial flora, but can--under certain conditions--cause disease are known as ____________ pathogens.

The release of the contents of cortical granules, ________.

A. Occurs after a single sperm cell enters the egg.

B. In some animal species, causes the jelly layer of the egg to physically change and lift away.

C. Is the cause of a second reaction in which calcium ions sweep across the egg cell from the point of cell entry.

D. Both A and B describe the release of the contents of cortical granules . E. All of the above describe the release of the contents of cortical granules.

A heterotrophic cell encodes both the Pyruvate Carboxylase enzyme and the enzymes of the Glyoxylate Bypass. Contrast the reactions leading to oxaloacetate via both mechanisms, starting with PEP. In environments with low organic carbon, which reaction(s) would be favored for carrying out anaplerosis and why?

If no crossing over is present, how many unique gametes would an individual with the genotype AaBB have after meiosis

How can PCR and gel electrophoresis tell if individuals from different populations are related. What else can these tell you about the collected DNA samples

Describe the inheitance pattern that gives rise to "poky" yeast.

Background information:

1.       Temperature-sensitive cell cycle (cdc) mutants are important tools for studying cell cycle. These mutants grow and divide normally at low temperature but express the mutant phenotype at higher temperature.

2.       Hydroxyurea inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, and thus blocks DNA synthesis. Hydroxyurea inhibition of cell cycle can be overcome by changing the incubation media to remove the drug.

Experimental design and results:

A.      A culture of cdcx mutations is incubated at 37°C for two hours (the approximately length of the cell cycle in yeast), and then transferred to a medium containing hydroxyurea at 20°C.

a.       None of the cdcx mutants divide.

B.      You first incubate cdcx cells at 20°C for 2 hours with hydroxyurea, and then transfer them to a medium without the drug at 37°C.

a.       The cdcx mutants divide once.

C.      You repeat these two experiments with the cdcy mutant cells.

a.       The cdcy mutant cells do not divide in either experiment.

·         Identify what phase of the cell cycle the cdcx mutant cells are blocked at for the restrictive temperature. Provide reasoning.

·         Identify what phase of the cell cycle the cdcx mutant cells are blocked at for the restrictive temperature. Provide reasoning.