Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis. Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism. Give the use and the dangers of this toxin.

why are people with c8 deficiencies able to fight infections?

How do organisms come to live on newly formed volcanic islands?

What new methods are required to effectively assess the risk of resistance ?

How abiotic factors can influence populations in a way that is independent of their local population density? (min. 300 words)

Do not copy other sources and paste as your own answers!

1) do you think that parasites and pathogens have the potential to control natural populations significantly? Why? How?. Provide an example. (min. 300 and max 500).

Please do not copy and paste from other sources!! Thanks

What factors increase the risk of resistance to antibiotics in animal?

What chemical reaction and chemical ideas(chemistry principle) that apply to "Anaemia treatment for low iron levels in blood "?? justify your answer with equations or example..

How can risks of resistance to antibiotics be assessed?

A zinc ion in the active site of an enzyme can speed up the reaction by:

A. Making a bound water molecule a more powerful nucleophile by drawing electron density toward itself and facilitating deprotonation of the water

B. Orienting substrates for reaction

C. Stabilizing an anionic intermediate

D. All of these

E. None of these

The role of serine at the active site of serine proteases is to act as a ___ catalyst, while the histidine residue serves as an ___ catalyst.

A. acid-base, covalent

B. anionic; ionic

C. covalent; acid-base

D. strong; weak

E. weak; strong

The active site of an enzyme is being investigated by mutagenesis to determine the stability of the enzyme conformation following substrate binding. A leucine is replaced by glycine. This change will:

A. Destabilize the enzyme

B. Stabilize the enzyme

C. Have no effect on the enzyme

Draw the pedigree for the question below, take a picture or a scan, and upload it here.

Text of the question: Defects on the SOX21 gene are suspected to be Y-linked and to cause baldness in men. A bald man and woman with normal hair have two sons and two daughters, and both sons are bald. The two daughters have each two sons, and none are bald. The man's sons also have two sons each, and all four are bald. Draw a pedigree for this family using standard symbols.

Explain or discuss the biological and environmental factors that influence the survival of infectious agents or microorganisms

How does the Near Attack Conformation (NAC) contribute to enzyme function? How can an enzyme put a substrate into an energetically unfavorable conformation? How does modern drug design utilize NAC? Please go into detail, provide examples, and use diagrams to help illustrate your explanation. Especially use diagrams please.  

NAC means "Near Attack Conformation". I am struggling to understand how all of these relate. Thank you so much for the help!