A molecule that can be used as an antibiotic is known to be capable of inhibiting bacterial growth in the presence of lactose as the sole source of carbon. However, in the presence of glucose the bacteria grow normally. What mechanisms could justify this behavior? Discuss at least two possibilities

Please show all the work.

Suppose that the energy available in a certain plant population is 10,000 Joules. Calculate the proportion (percent) of that biomass that will be available as energy to the tertiary consumers in that ecosystem.

1. For the following statement, indicate whether what is described would result in an increase or decrease in genetic diversity within population.

a. Inbreeding due to a small population that is geographically isolated

b. A 10,000 person population growing from the movement of 5,000 people into the population coming from another geographically isolated location.

c. A catastrophic tsunami that drastically reduces the size of population.

d. A small group of individuals from one population moving to a geographically distant site and starting a new population at that new location.

You have decided to try your hand at canning some of your homegrown green beans from the garden. You rinse the beans, add water, and put them into Mason jars. You are in a hurry, so you decide to shorten the boiling time to 5 minutes to speed the process up. The jars seal properly, as you can tell from the vacuum created by the lids. You store the jars on your kitchen shelf for 3 months. Are the beans safe to eat now? Why or why not? What type of microbe might be present, and why? If you were making canned pickles, would the above problem be likely to occur? Explain why or why not.

Which one of the following DNA chains is both complementary and anti-parallel to this DNA chain: 5' GGGTTT 3'? (it can be more than one answer)

5' TTTGGG 3'

5' GGGTTT 3'

5' CCCAAA 3'

5' AAACCC 3'

Ketone bodies are synthesized from Acetyl-CoA only when carbohydrates are not available. Why? Describe how gluconeogenesis, TCA, ACC, and circulating hormones play a role in directing carbon toward these molecules.

Explain why the relationship between Anthopluera elegantissima and Symbiodinium sp. or Elliptochloris marina is characterized as a mutualism.

Should we mount a massive effort to restore ecosystems that we have degraded even though this will be quite costly? For this weeks environmental controversy we explore this question. Using the textbook, and any additional outside resources, answer the questions below. Write a 1-2 paragraph response to the questions posed to you. Remember to cite your sources using APA.

Ecological restoration, which is discussed in your textbook, has a critical role in protecting and understanding the Earth's environments. Unfortunately, even if personnel and financial resources are available, many sites are too damaged to be effectively restored. In such cases, alternatives to restoration must be pursued, including: rehabilitation, remediation, replacement, or the creation of artificial ecosystems.

Some individuals worry that large-scale ecological restoration could mislead the public into believing that any amount of environmental damage can be undone. Ultimately, a massive and expensive restoration program could be offset by weakened regulations and increased environmental damage in other areas. Furthermore, alternatives to ecological restoration may be able to repair more sites at less cost.

Based on what you have read and researched, do you believe that the loss of biodiversity is a concern for humans? Should the government not only preserve but restore ecosystems that we have degraded the biodiversity even though this will be quite costly?

Living organisms are highly organized and structured How does this statement relate to the macromolecules (Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids)? How does this statement relate to the systems (Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Endocrine, etc.)?

the following are the initial steps involved in aseptic transfer to an agar plate. place them In their proper order.(a,b.c,d?)

1. Flame loop

2.insert loop into broth & touch to plate

3. mix tube

a)3,4,2,1

b)3,1,4,2,1

c)1,2,3,4,1

d)4,3,2,1

4) flame tube

1) A bacterial strain called XYZ living in the lake MBG223 near Bilkent University requires to synthesize tryptophan continuously. The reason is, the essential proteins (essential means, the proteins required for survival of the bacteria) contain high content of tryptophan. Therefore, this bacterial strain XYZ has a tryptophan operon. Unfortunately, the tryptophan level of nutrition available in lake MBG223 is very limited during summer and winter time and the other nutrition levels are high. During the summer time, as the lake MBG223 partially evaporates, the salinity of the water increases, the temperature of the lake arises and the pH of the environment turns from natural to acidic. Changes in salinity, pH and temperature is known to disrupt hydrogen bonding in nucleotide base-pairings and also the structure of the proteins. Here, assuming that the structure/function of the proteins are not effected please answer the following.

İnside the XYZ bacteria, what would you observe with regards to synthesis of tryptophan bearing proteins during summer vs. winter time? How would this effect bacterial growth rate during the summer time vs winter time?

2)In another neighboring lake called MBG222, they found a different bacterial strain called WOWWW to have mutant tRNAs on the anti-codon region of the tRNA. This tRNA carries Phenylalanine to wherever it encounters the sequence UGG (tryptophan) on the mRNA. What happens to the regulation of the trypthophan operon in bacteria that has 1) high tryptophan and low phenylalanine vs. bacteria that has low tryptophan and high phenylalanine?

1. Please describe an “age pyramid” for the baby boom generation? Why is the shape of this pyramid so important for future generations to contemplate? (3 points)

Scenario
Doug was a newly single 42-year-old man, whose reentry into the dating world led to a few casual sexual encounters with women he met while out in bars.

After 8 months apart, Doug and his wife reconciled. He decided it would be best not to mention the other women he had intercourse with because he was pretty sure his wife would get upset even though they were not together at the time.

Signs and symptoms
Several months later, during a dentist’s appointment, the hygienist noted what looked like a series of small bumps on the back and side of Doug’s tongue, which had not been noted in his chart before.

At his next visit, the bumps had expanded into lesions and Doug mentioned them as a concern. The dentist noticed that his tonsil on the side of the tongue lesions was swollen, as were the lymph nodes. He prescribed an antibiotic, which Doug took.

The lesions didn’t get better but they also got no worse. A few weeks later Doug developed a stubborn sore throat, so he went to see his family physician.

Testing
When Doug’s doctor saw the lesion at the back of his tongue, he sent Doug for an oral brush biopsy procedure.

When the biopsied tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, the pathologist noted a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

A second sample was obtained by scalpel biopsy and tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, specifically HPV-16 and HPV-18. The results were returned as positive for viral DNA.

Question 1: Referring to the image below obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), describe the following characteristics of HPV: Enveloped or nonenveloped? Capsid symmetry?

Question 2: HPV has a double-stranded DNA genome. What is the Baltimore group for HPV?

Question 3: Other than genome, what criteria are used in the Baltimore model to create distinct groups of viruses?

Diagnosis
Doug’s diagnosis was stage IV squamous cell carcinoma.



Question 4: How is the detection of HPV DNA in the cancer tissue pertinent to this diagnosis?

Question 5: How does HPV facilitate the replication of its genome and production of mRNA transcripts from the viral genes?

Treatment
Doug had surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, followed by six months of radiation therapy. After two years, there was no recurrence of the cancer.

Question 6: A vaccine, Gardisil, is available to prevent HPV infection. How does a vaccine that protects against a viral infection prevent cancer?

Additional Considerations
Question 7: In a human host cell, where does the process of viral DNA replication occur?

Question 8: Where does translation of HPV mRNA occur in an infected host cell?

Question 9: How are viral latency and lysogeny related?