Why is it important to have standards and blanks in an ELISA?

please answer the following detailed in a paragraph. thanks!

1. People who use proton pumps inhibitors or antacids are more prone to infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Can you explain why?

2. The bacterium that causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy), Mycobacterium leprae, infects mostly the extremities of the body: hands, feet, and nose. what is most likely its optimum temperature of growth?

3. Some hyperthermophiles can survive autoclaving temperatures. Are they a concern in health care?

1. Explain the difference between homeostasis and disease? What is the difference between a chronic disease and an acute diseases? Can all diseases be cured (explain and give example)? Amy’s blood glucose remains elevated and rarely returns to normal. Why is this departure from homeostasis an important observation?

Match the description with the correct term. Answers can be used more than once!  

Group of answer choices

Crayfish fight each other to determine which male will mate with females. They fight by charging each other and clashing their claws together. The male with bigger claws usually wins. What is this describing?

      [ Choose ]            Evolutionary trade-off            Intersexual selection            Stabilizing selection            Intrasexual selection            Founder effect      

In a small group of people living in a remote area, there is a high incidence of “blue skin”, a condition that results from a variation in the structure of hemoglobin. All of the “blue-skinned” residents can trace their ancestry to one couple, who were among the original settlers of this region. The unusually high frequency of “blue skin” in the area is an example of

      [ Choose ]            Evolutionary trade-off            Intersexual selection            Stabilizing selection            Intrasexual selection            Founder effect      

Robins typically lay four eggs during each reproductive event. If more than four chicks are hatched, each may be malnourished, and if fewer than four chicks are hatched, it may result in too few viable offspring to pass on the parent’s genes. This is an example of [ Choose ]            Evolutionary trade-off            Intersexual selection            Stabilizing selection            Intrasexual selection            Founder effect   

38. If a plant has both male and female reproductive organs it is:

a) Monoecious.

b) Dioecious.

39. Ovules are found within what part of a flower?

a) Ovary.

b) Stigma.

c) Style.

d) Anther.

e) Corolla.

40. If a plant has netted veins in its leaf, four stamens in its flower, and a taproot, it is probably in what class of flowering plants?

a) Monocotyledonae (Monocots).

b) Dicotyledonae (Dicots).

41. Which Plant Division has seeds with a 3n endosperm due to double fertilization?

a) Pterophyta.

b) Coniferophyta.

c) Anthophyta.

d) Bryophyta.

42. Which Plant Division uses pollinators like bees, butterflies, moths, ants, beetles, hummingbirds, and bats?

a) Pterophyta.

b) Anthophyta.

c) Coniferophyta.

d) Bryophyta.

43. How many seeds develop from each ovule?

a) One.

b) Two.

c) Three.

d) Four.

44. Which of the following is not a fruit?

a) Banana.

b) Tomato.

c) Zucchini.

d) Cabbage.

45. Which animal phylum is characterized by a lack of symmetry (asymmetrical), and a “skeleton” composed of spicules and sometimes a protein called spongin?

a) Cnidaria.

b) Annelida.

c) Chordata

d) Porifera.

e) Mollusca

46. Corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish are members of which phylum?

a) Porifera.

b) Cnidaria.

c) Annelida.

d) Chordata

e) Mollusca

47. A jellyfish has what type of body form?

a) Medusa.

b) Polyp.

48. Which of the following lacks a digestive tract?

a) A shark.

b) A tapeworm.

c) A snail.

d) An earthworm.

49. The parasitic worms, Trichinella, Enterobius (pinworms), and Ascaris  are all members of what animal phylum?

a) Annelida.

b) Arthropoda.

c) Nematoda.

d) Platyhelminthes.

e) Mollusca.

Concerning the glycogen synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways, which are particularly active in liver, muscle and fat tissue soon after eating a meal, and why? (What does their being active accomplish do for your organism?) Describe and explain.

describe how the structure of the cellular membrane allows it to do its function. in your answer include three functions and indicate which molecules contribute

How do regulatory enzymes, secondary messengers, and major hormones influence the process of lipolysis?

What other various methods does white adipose tissue exert influence on metabolic and pathophysiological processes?

Problem 1

You are doing a genetics experiment with the fruit fly. In the “P” generation, you cross two true-breeding flies. Thefemale parent is brown and wingless and the male parent is black with normal wings. All of the flies in theF1 generation are brown and have normal wings.

Assume the genes are not found on a sex chromosome. Indicate the body color alleles with B and b and thewing size alleles with N and n.

a) The genotypes of the flies in the P generation are: Female:_____BBnn_________ Male:___bbNN___

b) The genotype of the flies in the F1 generation is: __BbNn___________

c) You now take an F1 female and cross her to a true-breeding black, wingless male. This male’s genotype is:_____bbnn_________

d) When the flies in (b) and (c) are mated, you count 1600 offspring in the F2 generation. If the body color geneand wing type genes are not linked, how many flies of each phenotype would you expect? (Be sure to use a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross to show your work.)

Show your work:  

Expected flies:

   _0_: # of brown, winged flies (Genotype: __BbNn__)

__800__: # of black, winged flies (Genotype: ___Bbnn___) __800___: # of black, wingless flies (Genotype: ____bbNn___) __0_____: # of brown, wingless flies(Genotype: __bbNN___)

e) When you count the F2 generation, you actually get 85 brown, winged flies, 728 black, winged flies, 712 brown,wingless flies, and 75 black, wingless flies. These results indicate that the body color and wing size are linkedgenes.

·What are the phenotypes of the recombinant flies? (Hint: Refer back to the P generation flies in the first paragraph. Recombinant flies do not resemble the original P generation phenotypes.)

·Calculate the recombination frequency (%) between the linked genes for body color and wing size.

Problem 2

You cross a true-breeding yellow-bodied, smooth-winged female fly with a true-breeding red-bodied, crinkle-winged male. The red body phenotype is dominant to the yellow body phenotype and smooth wings are dominant to crinkled wings. Use B or b for body color alleles, and W or w for wing surface alleles.

a) What are the genotypes of the P generation flies?

b) What will be the genotype(s) and phenotype(s) of the F1 offspring?

c) You discover that the genes for body color and wing surface are linked. You perform a dihybrid test crossbetween the F1 flies from part (b) with a true-breeding yellow-bodied, crinkle-winged fly. Use the followingF2 results to determine the recombination frequency (%) between the body color and wing surface genes. (Remember that the recombinants are the ones that do not resemble the parental types from the P generation.)

You decide to turn your attention to a different gene, one that controls wing length. This gene has two alleles, "L orl" where long wings are dominant to short wings. Remember that the red body phenotype is dominant to the yellow body phenotype. You again mate two true-breeding flies:

P: red-bodied, short wing male X yellow-bodied, long wing female

F1: All red-bodied, long wing

d) You perform a test cross between the F1 flies above with true-breeding yellow-bodied, short-winged flies. You get the following F2 results. What is the recombination frequency (%) between the genes for body color and winglength?

e) Based on the information in (c) and (d), what are the two possible arrangements of these three genes: body color,wing surface and wing length? Draw two linkage maps to show the possible arrangements of these genes and the map distance between genes

an essay of 800 words about polar bears and extinction

n a 800 word essay describe the path followed by an amino acid from absorption to delivery to a cell. Compare this path with the one followed by a large fatty acid. Support your essay with scholarly resources.

Humans are bipedal, terrestrial omnivores. As a species, we are adapted to quite a range of habitats, from deserts to mountains and from rain forests to tundra. Ultimately, however, we are descended from early hominids who evolved in African plains, and our body systems tend to reflect this. Your job is to determine how humans might be adapted if they had evolved in an aquatic environment where they live entirely in the water and breathe through gills.

Consider the following:

• What would be required to extract oxygen and exchange CO₂ and how the circulatory would have to change to compensate? You are encouraged to look up other (non-human; can be non-mammalian) animals that share these habitats for ideas.
• What if humans had evolved and were adapted to live in very specific habitats? In other words, it would still look *basically* like a human but would have some important differences related to its circulatory and/or breathing systems.
• What would these systems of a human that adapted to a different environment look like, and why would it look like this?
• You should consider the following parts of the breathing and/or circulatory system in your answer: Heart – size, activity, Lungs - size, Breathing rate, Oxygen transport system, Blood - Red Blood Cells (count), hemoglobin, and plasma levels, anything else you think is important to the circulatory and breathing systems.

3. What are the major elements required for microbial growth, and how are they used by the cell?