Hyperparathyroidism is a rare disorder resulting from overactive parathyroid glands (they secrete too much parathyroid hormone,...

Hyperparathyroidism is a rare disorder resulting from overactive parathyroid glands (they secrete too much parathyroid hormone, or PTH). Where does PTH act and what does it do? What do you think happens to the bones of people with this disorder and why? How does this disorder relate to osteoporosis? What other body systems might be affected?

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Answer

PTH acts on bones, kidneys and small intestines. PTH indirectly triggers osteoclsts cells in the bones to stimulate bone resorption. It also increases calcium reabsorption in the nephron. In small intestine, it increases absorption of dietary calcium.
In the persons with hyperparathyroidism, the bones become weak and brittle. As PTH resorb bone breakdown the bone mass, excessive PTH levels in blood cause the bone to loose all of its calcium.
As the bone mass is reduced, the bone becomes porous. The bones loose their density and hardness leading to osteoporosis. Bone pain occurs and bone becomes tender. Body posture is altered followed by recurring fractures.
Other systems that might be affected are :
- Urinary system : Due to high blood calcium levels, kidney stones may occur.
- Gastrointestinal system : Nausea, constipation, loss of appetite
- Muscular system : Pain in muscles and muscle weakness.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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Hyperparathyroidism is a rare disorder resulting from overactive parathyroid glands (they secrete too much parathyroid hormone,...

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