Question

1. A psychologist is working with a patient who suffers from a very rare disorder. Which type of research is the psychologist likely to use?

A.	Case Study

B.	Experiment

C.	Correlation

D.

Survey

2. Collectivistic cultures value individual achievement above most other aspects of personal behavior. True or False?

3.Replication is the best way to ensure that a research finding is indeed statistically significant. True or False?

4.The fact that newborn babies get more REM sleep than humans at any other time in the lifespan suggests that the Freudian view of dreams and dreaming may not have a great deal of validity. True or False?

5.The law of parsimony states that the explanation that is most likely to be true is the most complicated one. True or False?

6. The possible existence of the file-drawer problem should be kept in mind when a/an _________________ yields significant results or effects.

A.	Correlation

B.	Meta-analysis

C.	Case Study

D.	Experiment

E.

Survey

Answer 1

1. The answer is (A) Case study as it is a very rare disorder and a case study will help understand the conditions and various situations/ experiences due to the disorder. Other designs cannot be used as:
   • Experimental designs need control and manipulation which might not be ethical when using for a disorder
   • Correlations help study link between two variables, however as it is a rare disorder nothing can be possibly linked.
   • Survey methods are used to generate statistical data and view, etc, from a number of people to help with the results, as the case is very rare , such a study is not possible
2. FALSE. This is so as in collectivist societies are one where community/group achievements and situations are to be promoted and not personal gains, therefore more mutual working rather than competing.
3. TRUE. This is so a researchers and psychologist do more and more replication and sometimes at different items and with different populations to test the hypothesis, it shows that the study holds statistical significance and if there are counter-arguments to the results the same can be checked through replication. The number of replication increasing with similar results shows that the study is applicable and can be generalized to some extent.
4. TRUE. This is so as Freudian theory in general is also based on case studies of account of his patients, therefore there are no empirical evidences for the same.
5. FALSE. The law of parsimony states that explanation which has fewer and briefer/ less assumptions is the one that is true.
6. The answer is (B) Meta Analysis- as in meta-analysis one of the most researched questions is studied by the researcher by pooling data from various published studies and researches. Therefore a file-drawer problem is one where there is tendency to publish only those data that are more positive and rejecting the null hypothesis. There is publication of confirmatory data , so when in meta-analysis a certain results is found, one should keep in mind that as data is collected from varied sources , there might be error and effects of file drawer issue.