Question

Matching the following term or terms if applicable to pituitary dwarfism:

a.) too much parathyroid hormone
b.) not enough parathyroid hormone
c.) too much thyroid hormone
d.) not enough thyroid hormone
ab) too many glucocorticoids
ac) not enough glucocorticoids
ad) too much hGH during childhood
ae) not enough hGH during childhood
bc) too much hGH during adulthood
bd) not enough hGH during adulthood

Answer 1

Answer.option(ae)-not enough hGH during childhood

Growth hormone ,also called as somatotropic hormone or somatotropin is secreted from anterior pituitary.It causes growth of almost all tissues of body that are capable of growing.It promotes increased sizes of cells and increased mitoses,with development of greater numbers of cells and specific differentiation of certain types of cells,such as bone growth cells and muscle cells.

Functions of growth hormone:

1-It promotes protein deposition in tissues.

2-Growth hormone enhances fat utilisation for energy.

3-Decreases glucose uptake in tissues such as skeletal muscle and fat.

Action of Growth hormone on bone and cartilage

1-Increased deposition of protein by chondrocytic and osteogenic cells that cause bone growth.

2-Increased rate of reproduction of these cells,and

3-and converts chondrocytes into osteogenic cells,thus causing deposition of new bone.

Two principal mechanism of bone growth are:-

First, in response to growth hormone stimulation,the long bones grow in length at the epiphyseal cartilages,where epiphyses at end of bone are separated from shaft.This growth first causes deposition of new cartilage,followed by its conversion into bone,thus elongating the shaft.

Second,osteoblast in bone periosteum and bone cavities deposit new bone on surface of older bone.At the same time, osteoclast in bone remove old bone.

Pituitary Dwarfism-In this case ,there is deficiency of growth hormone during childhood.In general ,all physical parts of the body develop in appropriate proportion to one another,but the rate of development is greatly decreased.

A person with panhypopituitarism does not pass through puberty and never secretes sufficient quantity of gonadotropic hormones to develop adult sexual functions.

If only growth hormone is deficient ,these person do mature sexually and occasionally reproduce.